The Fundamental Physics of Directive Beaming at Microwave and Optical Frequencies and the Role of Leaky Waves

Jackson, David R.; Burghignoli, Paolo; Lovat, Giampiero; Capolino, Filippo; Chen, Ji; Wilton, Donald R.; Oliner, A.A.

doi:10.1109/jproc.2010.2103530

Cited by 137 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…If a radiator is embedded inside the ZIM, the waves exiting the ZIM are collimated, causing a highly directive beam. Leaky waves [10][11][12] can also play a significant role in directive emission from finite ZIMs 13,14 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dirac leaky-wave antennas for continuous beam scanning from photonic crystals

Memarian

Eleftheriades

2015

Nat Commun

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Leaky-Wave Antennas (LWAs) enable directive and scannable radiation patterns, which are highly desirable attributes at terahertz, infrared and optical frequencies. However, a LWA is generally incapable of continuous beam scanning through broadside, due to an open stopband in its dispersion characteristic. This issue is yet to be addressed at frequencies beyond microwaves, mainly as existing microwave solutions (for example, transmission line metamaterials) are unavailable at these higher frequencies. Here we report leaky-wave radiation from the interface of a photonic crystal (PC) with a Dirac-type dispersion and air. The resulting Dirac LWA (DLWA) can radiate at broadside, chiefly owing to the closed G-point bandgap of the Dirac PC. Thus, the DLWA can continuously scan a directive beam over a wide range of angles by varying the frequency. These DLWAs can be designed at microwave as well as terahertz to optical frequencies, with feasible dimensions and low losses.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dirac leaky-wave antennas for continuous beam scanning from photonic crystals

Memarian

Eleftheriades

2015

Nat Commun

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“…The FP antenna is a type of leaky wave antenna consisting of a dielectrically filled cavity that is backed by a totally reflective surface (TRS) such as a ground plane at the bottom and a partially reflective surface (PRS) at the top [15]. The side walls of the cavity usually remain open.…”

Section: Fabry-perot Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, considering a large PRS with a length of 10 wavelengths, the source is 20 times smaller than the PRS. Depending on the source type, the vertical position of the source can be chosen to maximise the power radiated by the source [15]. For instance, a horizontal electric dipole source should be placed at mid-height in the cavity, where the horizontal electric field of the leaky mode is maximum.…”

Section: Fabry-perot Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Q-Band Millimeter-Wave Antennas: An Enabling Technology for MultiGigabit Wireless Backhaul

et al. 2014

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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)VilarThe bandwidth demands in mobile communication systems are growing exponentially day-byday, as the number of users has increased drastically over the last five years. This mobile data explosion, together with the fixed service limitations, requires a new approach to support this increase in bandwidth demand. Solutions based on lower frequency microwave wireless systems may be able to meet the bandwidth demand in a short-term; with the small cell mass deployment requiring total capacities of 1 Gbps per km 2 , scalable, multi-gigabit backhaul systems are required. Millimetre wave technology fits nicely into these new backhaul scenarios as it provides extended bandwidth for high capacity links and adaptive throughput rate, which allows efficient and flexible deployment. Besides these advantages, millimetre wave solutions become even more attractive when the cost of backhaul solutions and the cost of spectrum licenses are factored in. Compared to the cost of laying fibre to a cell base station, which is the only other scalable solution, the millimetre wave solution becomes the most appropriate approach.Within the millimetre wave frequency band, Q-band (40.5 -43.5 GHz) technology offers various advantages over currently proposed or existing communication systems. One of the key advantages of Q-band is the large amount of spectral bandwidth available suitable for wide channels (three consecutive 1 GHz bands have been allocated by CEPT and regulated by ETSI). The availability of this amount of bandwidth also enables the capability to scale the capacity of millimetre wave wireless links as demanded by market needs. When wider channels are needed, i.e. for very high bit rate applications, a flexible number of consecutive channels may be aggregated to obtain a single channel. In addition, highly directional, pencilbeam signal characteristics of the systems operating in this band facilitates a high degree of frequency reuse in the deployment of backhaul links so that operators can deliver very large amounts of capacity in a given area. On the other hand, from an operational point of view, Qband radios can withstand higher amounts of interference and more adverse weather conditions such as rain, fog, and snow, when compared with higher frequencies (E-band and Vband). Q-band offers better coverage than V-band as signals in the 57-66 GHz spectrum are subject to the resonance of oxygen molecules and hence propagation in this spectrum is severely attenuated, leading to very short link ranges. Moreover, Q-band has a better link budget compared with E-band (it suffers from less atmospheric and rain attenuation, and has better noise figure and power), and lower fabrication costs.From the reasons above, Q-band technology seems to be an enabling technology for the efficient design of multi-gigabit backhaul networks. Despite their huge potential to achieve multi-gigabit wireless communications, Q-band antennas present a series of technical challenges in terms of performance,...

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“…For an HED source located at a height of h s above the ground plane, the far field from the TEN model is given by [16] E θ (r, θ, φ) Figure 5. Surface current density on circular disc structures.…”

Section: For Cra With Disc Type Fss Superstratementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Cavity Reflex Antenna Using Circular Patch Type FSS Superstrate

Kotnala¹,

Juyal²,

Mittal³

et al. 2012

PIER B

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Abstract-Cavity reflex antenna (CRA) employing a circular patch type FSS (Frequency Selective Surface) superstrate is investigated. Analysis in terms of gain, bandwidth (impedance and gain) and radiation pattern has been presented. The aim of this work was to study low profile CRA having very thin superstrate sizes. In this CRA a circular patch antenna is used as a feeding source. The circular patch type FSS possesses some unique properties favorable for thin superstrate sizes. In practice when the excitation source of the CRA is a probe-fed microstrip antenna with finite ground plane, substrate and superstrate, cross-polarization increases. In the presented design, the cross polar level has been reduced by choosing the optimum air gap and superstrate geometrical and electrical properties. A CRA with circular patch type FSS offers better performance both in terms of gain and impedance bandwidth for, thin superstrates (0.008λ 0 ) while giving a gain of 13 dBi and considerably reduced crosspolar level. The proposed antenna exhibit nearly equal E-plane and H-plane radiation pattern. Measurement results are provided to support the simulated results (by Ansoft HFSS). The circular patch type FSS is easy to fabricate and can be embedded into the host profile.

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The Fundamental Physics of Directive Beaming at Microwave and Optical Frequencies and the Role of Leaky Waves

Cited by 137 publications

References 62 publications

Dirac leaky-wave antennas for continuous beam scanning from photonic crystals

Dirac leaky-wave antennas for continuous beam scanning from photonic crystals

Q-Band Millimeter-Wave Antennas: An Enabling Technology for MultiGigabit Wireless Backhaul

Investigation of Cavity Reflex Antenna Using Circular Patch Type FSS Superstrate

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