The Functions of the Spanish Approximators<i>Como</i>and<i>Como Que</i>in Institutional and Non-Institutional Discursive Contexts

Jimenez, Abril; Flores-Ferrán, Nydia

doi:10.1515/soprag-2018-0011

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In addition to como , two other variants in Spanish have been documented in previous studies as equivalents to like in English. Firstly, the expression como que has been found to fulfill similar discursive functions to like in English in the speech of Spanish-English bilinguals (Jimenez & Flores-Ferrán, 2018; Kern, 2014; Mata, 2016) and monolingual Spanish speakers (Jørgensen & Stenström, 2009). Jimenez and Flores-Ferrán (2018) conclude that como que is a “free variant” of como ; although como que is less frequent than como , it has not been replaced (p. 165).…”

Section: The Grammaticalization Of Like and Como As Discourse Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, the expression como que has been found to fulfill similar discursive functions to like in English in the speech of Spanish-English bilinguals (Jimenez & Flores-Ferrán, 2018; Kern, 2014; Mata, 2016) and monolingual Spanish speakers (Jørgensen & Stenström, 2009). Jimenez and Flores-Ferrán (2018) conclude that como que is a “free variant” of como ; although como que is less frequent than como , it has not been replaced (p. 165). With the exception of Jimenez and Flores-Ferrán (2018), previous studies have either grouped como and como que together in one category or analyzed one or the other.…”

Section: The Grammaticalization Of Like and Como As Discourse Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like has now been documented not only in American English, but in other English-speaking countries, including Canada (D’Arcy, 2005, 2017), England (Andersen, 2001), and Australia (Miller, 2009). The use of como in Spanish as a discourse marker equivalent to like appears to have been a recent development, found in the speech of both Spanish-English bilinguals (Erker & Bruso, 2017; Jimenez & Flores-Ferrán, 2018; Kern, 2014; Said-Mohand, 2008; Sánchez Muñoz, 2007) and Spanish monolinguals (Jørgensen & Stenström, 2009). In addition to como , the use of como que (Jimenez & Flores-Ferrán, 2018; Jørgensen & Stenström, 2009; Kern, 2014; Mata, 2016) and like (Kern, 2014; Mata, 2016) have been observed in Spanish as equivalents of like in English.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of como in Spanish as a discourse marker equivalent to like appears to have been a recent development, found in the speech of both Spanish-English bilinguals (Erker & Bruso, 2017; Jimenez & Flores-Ferrán, 2018; Kern, 2014; Said-Mohand, 2008; Sánchez Muñoz, 2007) and Spanish monolinguals (Jørgensen & Stenström, 2009). In addition to como , the use of como que (Jimenez & Flores-Ferrán, 2018; Jørgensen & Stenström, 2009; Kern, 2014; Mata, 2016) and like (Kern, 2014; Mata, 2016) have been observed in Spanish as equivalents of like in English. Equivalents of like have also been documented in other languages, including comme (Sankoff et al, 1997) and genre (Fleischman & Yaguello, 2004) in French, ke’ilu in Hebrew (Maschler, 2009), and kao in Croatian (Hlavac, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Likein English andcomo, como que, andlikein Spanish in the speech of Southern Arizona bilinguals

Kern

2019

International Journal of Bilingualism

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Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: This study analyzes the use of like in English and como, como que, and like in Spanish in the speech of bilinguals from Southern Arizona to assess the possible influence of like in English on its equivalents in Spanish in a language contact situation in which English is the majority language. Design/Methodology/Approach: Drawing on a discourse-pragmatic variationist approach, this study analyzes the use of like in English and its Spanish equivalents in recorded conversations between nine pairs of young Spanish-English bilingual friends from Southern Arizona. Data and Analysis: 3389 tokens of like in English and its Spanish equivalents from 18 hours of recorded conversations (9 hours in each language) were analyzed quantitatively. The analysis assesses the relative frequencies of these variants and their syntactic positioning as clause-external discourse markers and clause-internal discourse particles. The independent variables of the analysis were the language of the conversation and the sex and language dominance of the participants. Findings/Conclusions: Contact with English did not appear to radically influence the use of como, como que, and like in Spanish in the speech of these bilinguals. In the speech of the same bilinguals, like in English was much more frequent and occurred in many more syntactic positions than its Spanish equivalents. Originality: This is the first study of discourse-pragmatic features in contact to analyze the use of discourse markers and discourse particles in both the donor and the recipient language in the speech of the same bilinguals. Significance/Implications: These results contribute to our knowledge of the limited interaction of linguistic repertoires in the speech of bilinguals at the discourse level even in language contact situations with a majority language. They also underline the ability of bilinguals to both understand and reproduce the subtleties of the use of these features in the two languages they speak.

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Section: The Grammaticalization Of Like and Como As Discourse Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Grammaticalization Of Like and Como As Discourse Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Likein English andcomo, como que, andlikein Spanish in the speech of Southern Arizona bilinguals

Kern

2019

International Journal of Bilingualism

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“…Como que (atenuante) se separó de mi mamá (segmento atenuado) y como que (atenuante) se separó de todos nosotros (segmento atenuado). Como que (atenuante) se olvidó que tenía hijos (segmento atenuado) 18. = Desgastador (error de pronunciación).…”

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Approximators and mitigators in Chilean Spanish: the case of 'como' and 'como que'

Becerra

2019

TEP

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This article analyses the use of the approximators como and como que in Chilean Spanish, and the link between their approximative semantic value and pragmatic mitigation. Previous works have given the marker como an approximative value (Mihatsch, 2009, 2010; Jørgensen and Stenstrøm 2009; Jørgensen, 2011; Holmvik, 2011; Kornfeld, 2013; Kern, 2014; Jiménez and Flores-Ferrán, 2018), and also a mitigating one (Puga, 1997; Briz, 1998; Jørgensen, 2011; Holmvik, 2011; Kornfeld, 2013, Panussis, 2016; Mondaca, 2017; Panussis and San Martín, 2017). Thus, the objective here is to analyze the relationship between semantic approximation and pragmatic mitigation through these particles, in order to establish whether all those approximative uses of como and como que also perform a mitigating function. Likewise, this paper seeks to propose a general description of those contexts that motivate Chilean speakers to approximate and mitigate their discourse through como and como que. For this purposes, 24 sociolinguistic interviews extracted from the corpus compiled in the Fondecyt Project 11110211 have been used. The main results show that como is a semantic approximator that, in those contexts where the speaker seeks to safeguard his or her face, acquires a pragmatic mitigation function, while como que, on the other hand, is a particle which predominant function is to mitigate.

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Estrategias de descortesía modalizadas deónticamente en inglés en ambientes laborales argentinos

Cordisco

2019

Pragmática Sociocultural / Sociocultural Pragmatics

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ResumenEn este trabajo se identifican estrategias de descortesía modalizadas deónticamente en ambientes laborales argentinos en contacto interlingüístico español-inglés e intercultural argentino-estadounidense en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires durante 2012–2014. Se lo hace poniendo el foco de atención en la descortesía producida a través de correos electrónicos empresariales con propósitos laborales escritos en inglés en un medio fuertemente regulado que privilegia, fundamentalmente, funciones transaccionales y procedimentales para asegurar la maximización de sus fines lucrativos. En un corpus natural de 148 correos electrónicos (agrupados en 22 secuencias, con aproximadamente 17.000 palabras), se identificaron cuatro estrategias de descortesía modalizadas deónticamente: ataque por atribución de la responsabilidad, contraataque por impugnación de la responsabilidad, contraataque por acatamiento forzado de la responsabilidad y ataque o contraataque por naturalización de la responsabilidad. A través de estas estrategias, se des-idealiza, desvaloriza y disminuye la imagen social con el propósito ulterior de reconstituir el orden moral que afianza el statu quo de los ambientes laborales estudiados.

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The Functions of the Spanish ApproximatorsComoandComo Quein Institutional and Non-Institutional Discursive Contexts

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Likein English andcomo, como que, andlikein Spanish in the speech of Southern Arizona bilinguals

Likein English andcomo, como que, andlikein Spanish in the speech of Southern Arizona bilinguals

Approximators and mitigators in Chilean Spanish: the case of 'como' and 'como que'

Estrategias de descortesía modalizadas deónticamente en inglés en ambientes laborales argentinos

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