The functions of the salivary glands of Apis mellifera

Simpson, J.

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(60)90073-1

Cited by 64 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Finally, nest temperature regulation and ventilation, defense, and foraging occupy the oldest bees (Winston, 1992). The caste structure in honeybees is closely linked with the development of brood food glands (hypopharyngeal glands), mandibular glands, and wax glands (King, 1993;Simpson, 1960Simpson, , 1966Simpson et al, 1966;Wang and Moeller, 1969). The honeybee's morphological structure that has co-evolved with the shape and features of flowers make them highly efficient pollinators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Honeybee Communication and Pollination

Suwannapong¹,

Eiri²,

Benbow³

2012

New Perspectives in Plant Protection

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Honeybee Communication and Pollination

Suwannapong¹,

Eiri²,

Benbow³

2012

New Perspectives in Plant Protection

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“…The CSG of A. mellifera reaches its maximum development between 17 and 41 days of age, i.e., the period of transition (17 days) from tasks inside the nest to those outside, which is completed in 41 days, according to HESELHAUS (1922), INGLESENT (1940) and SIMPSON (1960SIMPSON ( , 1961SIMPSON ( , 1963. Although these authors based their findings only on observations, their results were confirmed statistically by KATZAV-GOZANSKY et al (2001), who showed that A. mellifera forager workers contain significantly more secretion in their gland alveoli than nurses, but they didn't analyse newly emerged workers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the size of cephalic salivary glands of Apis mellifera and Scaptotrigona postica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) queens and workers in different life phases

Poiani¹,

Cruz-Landim²

2010

Zoologia (Curitiba, Impr.)

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The bee species of the Apinae, in addition to the thoracic salivary glands, possess a pair of cephalic glands originating as branches of the excretory duct that crosses the head. These glands are known as cephalic salivary or labial cephalic glands. The degree of development of these glands in newly emerged, nurse and forager workers and virgin and egg-laying queens of Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 and Scaptotrigona postica Latreille, 1807 were evaluated by measuring the secretory alveolar units. The area of the secretory alveoli, measured in total gland preparations, was used to evaluate differences in size. In both species, gland size was found to increase progressively from newly emerged workers to foragers and from virgin to egg-laying queens. A statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the area of gland alveoli of workers in different life phases in both species, and between S. postica virgin and egg-laying queens, but not between A. mellifera queens. In the case of workers, this suggests cephalic salivary gland secretion has a function in forager activity and, in queens, a possible pheromonal function

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“…In general, the function of the hypopharyngeal glands can only be inferred indirectly, by relating their morphology and degree of development to the activities of the individuals and their behavioural characteristics, and also by analogy with Apis mellifera (L.), where the function of these glands is relatively well established (Simpson 1960). In this species, they are only present in the worker and they are related to the production of royal jelly (Knecht & Kaatz 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of morphological, structural and morphometric patterns of Polistes versicolor (Olivier) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) hypopharyngeal glands

Britto¹,

Caetano²,

Moraes³

2004

Neotrop. Entomol.

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Análise Comparada do Padrão Morfológico, Estrutural e Morfométrico das Glândulas Hipofaríngeasde Polistes versicolor (Olivier) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)RESUMO -O presente estudo descreve, por meio de técnicas de histologia e ultramorfologia, os padrões morfológico e estrutural das glândulas hipofaríngeas de Polistes versicolor (Olivier), comparando-os aos de outros grupos de Hymenoptera. Além disso, analisa a presença de variações intraespecíficas dessas glândulas por meio de análises morfométricas das células secretoras de vespas em diferentes idades. Na espécie estudada foi constatada a presença de glândulas com características primitivas, possuindo células secretoras que desembocam individualmente na placa hipofaríngea. O padrão morfológico encontrado nas glândulas hipofaríngeas foi basicamente o mesmo para todas as vespas estudadas, entretanto o comprimento das células glandulares apresentou variações significativas entre indivíduos. Aparentemente essas variações não estão relacionadas com a idade.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Vespa, sistema salivar, evolução, morfologia, morfometria ABSTRACT -Using ultramorphological and histochemical techniques, this study describes the structural and morphological patterns of Polistes versicolor (Olivier) hypopharyngeal glands, comparing them with patterns of other Hymenopteran groups. Besides, the presence of intra-specific variation was evidenced by morphometric analysis of the secretory cells in wasps with different ages. The studied species presented glands with primitive characteristics, with secretory cells discharging individually in the hypopharyngeal plate. The morphological pattern found in hypopharyngeal glands was basically the same for all studied wasps, however, the length of glandular cells showed significant variations between individuals. Apparently these variations are not related with age.KEY WORDS: Wasp, salivary system, evolution, morphology, morphometryThe Hymenoptera possess a series of glands connected to the bucal cavity, which together constitute the salivary system, formed by the thoracic salivary glands, the mandible and the hypopharyngeal glands (Bordas 1895). Some of these glands show as simple epidermic modified cells, whereas others present more complex morphology (Cruz-Landim 1967). The hypopharyngeal glands may present morphological patterns that vary from differentiated epidermic cells to well defined organs (Cruz-Landim & Costa 1998).Most of the studies on hypopharyngeal glands were carried out with Apis (Cruz-Landim 1967, Crailsheim & Stolberg 1989, Knecht & Kaatz 1990) and some meliponine (Cruz-Landim 1967, Cruz-Landim et al. 1987, whose gland morphology and performance are very well studied. In these insects, the hypopharyngeal glands are more developed in the workers caste, mainly while they are taking care of the brood. During this phase, they are named nurses and they offer the gland secretion as food to all individuals (Szoldertz & Crailsheim 1993). After the nurse phase, the workers begin to forage and their hypopharyngeal glands stop producing...

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The functions of the salivary glands of Apis mellifera

Cited by 64 publications

References 16 publications

Honeybee Communication and Pollination

Honeybee Communication and Pollination

Changes in the size of cephalic salivary glands of Apis mellifera and Scaptotrigona postica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) queens and workers in different life phases

Comparative analysis of morphological, structural and morphometric patterns of Polistes versicolor (Olivier) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) hypopharyngeal glands

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