The Functions of the Gut in Ciliary Feeders

Morton, J. E.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1960.tb01324.x

Cited by 47 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…This implies a sessile habit, which is difficult to reconcile with the deposit feeding strategy typically reconstructed on the basis of a meandering, often infilled alimentary tract [16][17][18]. Meandering guts, however, are known from suspension feeders [19], so do not provide a decisive ecological signal. We therefore consider Pedunculotheca, like certain hyolithides [4,16,20], to have been a suspension feeder.…”

Section: Occurrence Cambrian Series 2 Stage 3 the Maotianshanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyoliths with pedicles illuminate the origin of the brachiopod body plan

et al. 2018

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Hyoliths are a taxonomically problematic group of Palaeozoic lophotrochozoans that are among the first shelly fossils to appear in the Cambrian period. On the basis of their distinctive exoskeleton, hyoliths have historically been classified as a separate phylum with possible affinities to the molluscs, sipunculans or lophophorates—but their precise phylogenetic position remains uncertain. Here, we describe a new orthothecide hyolith from the Chengjiang Lagerstätte (Cambrian Series 2 Stage 3), Pedunculotheca diania Sun, Zhao et Zhu gen. et sp. nov., which exhibits a non-mineralized attachment structure that strikingly resembles the brachiopod pedicle—the first report of a peduncular organ in hyoliths. This organ establishes a sessile, suspension feeding ecology for these orthothecides and—together with other characteristics (e.g. bilaterally symmetrical bivalve shell enclosing a filtration chamber and the differentiation of cardinal areas)—identifies hyoliths as stem-group brachiopods. Our phylogenetic analysis indicates that both hyoliths and crown brachiopods derived from a tommotiid grade, and that the pedicle has a single origin within the brachiopod total group.

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Section: Occurrence Cambrian Series 2 Stage 3 the Maotianshanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyoliths with pedicles illuminate the origin of the brachiopod body plan

et al. 2018

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“…Bivalve molluscs are well adapted to a diet of relatively dilute, heterogenous particles and cells (Morton 1960). These animals rely almost entirely upon ciliary transport to conduct material along feeding organs and through the gut; thus, non-selective ingestion of large volumes of dense particles would be difficult to process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capture, ingestion, and egestion of microplastics by suspension-feeding bivalves: a 40-year history

Ward

Rosa

Shumway

2019

Anthropocene Coasts

127

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In aquatic environments, suspension-feeding bivalve molluscs are exposed to a manifold of natural and anthropogenically derived particles, including micro- and nanoplastics. Plastic particles interact with feeding and digestive organs and can produce negative effects. As a result of these effects and the potential transfer of microplastics to higher trophic levels, including humans, there has been renewed interest in the ingestion of plastic particles by different species of bivalves. Many recent studies, however, have ignored the ability of bivalves to select among particles both pre- and post-ingestively. Neglecting to consider the factors that mediate particle capture, ingestion, and egestion can lead to erroneous data and conclusions. This paper outlines the current state of knowledge of particle processing by bivalves, and demonstrates how it relates to studies utilizing plastic particles. In particular, the effects of particle size, shape, and surface properties on capture, preferential ingestion, post-ingestive sorting, and egestion are summarized. The implications of particle selection for the use of bivalves as bioindicators of microplastic pollution in the environment are discussed. Only through a full understanding of the types of plastic particles ingested and egested by bivalves can internal exposure, toxic effects, and trophic transfer of microplastics be assessed adequately.

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“…Concerning the arguments put forward by Savage, the only general point of agreement between what is proposed for P. trinitatis and that proposed for R. temporaria is that at least some transport of particles is by means of mucous cords. For this reason, and because Savage's proposals have met with some acceptance in a recent review (Morton, 1960), there is some justification for re-examination of his proposals and the evidence supporting them. Before considering the more theoretical aspects of Savage's arguments it is first necessary to refer to certain specific errors in his accow1t of the morphology of R. temporaria which are vital to his arguments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding mechanisms in anuran larvae

Kenny

1969

Journal of Zoology

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Larvae of the neotropical frogs Phyllomedusa are distinctive in that they feed normally in mid‐water on phytoplankton, maintaining neutral buoyancy by means of an independently beating tail filament. The feeding mechanism of larval Phyllomedusa trinitatis was studied morphologically and experimentally. The primary feeding mechanism involves a buccal rasp which may in some circumstances render food into small particles, a pumping mechanism which forces water through the buccal cavity and the gill filters, an entanglement system which traps particles in mucous strings produced in special organs, and the formation of mucous cords which transport particles to the oesophagus. In mid‐water feeding and surface feeding the buccal rasp serves only its other function in preventing backflow of the respiratory stream. The primary feeding mechanism is discussed and compared with schemes proposed for Rana temporaria and R. agilis. Little agreement exists between these schemes and that which is here proposed. It is concluded that the primary feeding mechanism is the same in the three forms but that there are behavioural differences in feeding generally. Some comment is made on the primary feeding mechanism in the Microhylidae.

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The Functions of the Gut in Ciliary Feeders

Cited by 47 publications

References 72 publications

Hyoliths with pedicles illuminate the origin of the brachiopod body plan

Hyoliths with pedicles illuminate the origin of the brachiopod body plan

Capture, ingestion, and egestion of microplastics by suspension-feeding bivalves: a 40-year history

Feeding mechanisms in anuran larvae

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