The functions of human saliva: A review sponsored by the World Workshop on Oral Medicine VI

Dawes, C.; Pedersen, Anne Marie Lynge; Villa, Alessandro; Ekström, Jørgen; Proctor, Gordon; Vissink, Arjan; Aframian, Doron J.; McGowan, Richard; Aliko, Ardita; Narayana, Nagamani; Sia, Ying Wai; Joshi, Revan Kumar; Jensen, Siri Beier; Kerr, Alexander Ross; Wolff, Ändy

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.03.004

Cited by 389 publications

(371 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Considering that the oral cavity is constantly exposed to the external environment, it is the primary entry route for pathogen invasion via inhalation or ingestion (1). Saliva is continuously secreted into the oral cavity by the salivary glands, covering both the oral and pharyngeal mucosa (2). Moreover, it contains many important substances, such as electrolytes, mucus, antibacterial compounds, enzymes, and growth factors, which provide lubrication and initiate food digestion (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…59, No. 4,[603][604][605][606][607][608][609][610]2017 Original Continuous combined intake of polydextrose and lactitol stimulates cecal fermentation and salivary IgA secretion in rats Yuko Yamamoto 1) , Nobuhisa Kubota 2) , Toru Takahashi 3) , Masahiro To 4) , Takashi Hayashi 2) , Tomoko Shimizu 5) , Yohei Kamata 5) , Juri Saruta 2) , and Keiichi Tsukinoki 2) pathogens and their toxins (4,5) and the establishment and maintenance of mucosal homeostasis (1). A decrease in salivary IgA concentration has been suggested as a possible causal factor in the increased susceptibility to upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) observed among population groups with low immunity status, such as children, elderly people, and athletes (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Continuous combined intake of polydextrose and lactitol stimulates cecal fermentation and salivary IgA secretion in rats

et al. 2017

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Immunoglobulin A (IgA), which plays an important role in infection defense, is upregulated in the large intestine and oral cavity through dietary fiber intake. However, the mechanism underlying salivary IgA increase through dietary fiber intake remains unknown. This study investigated timedependent effects of non-absorbable polydextrose (PDX) and lactitol intake on salivary IgA secretion and cecal fermentation. Five-week-old rats were fed a fiber-free diet with or without 25 g/kg PDX and 25 g/ kg lactitol for 1, 4, and 8 weeks. Compared to control, those who ingested PDX and lactitol had higher salivary IgA flow rates per weight of submandibular gland tissue at 4 and 8 weeks (P < 0.05), greater cecal weight and digesta at 1, 4, and 8 weeks (P < 0.05), and lower concentrations of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in cecal digesta (P = 0.0003). These findings suggest that the consumption of PDX and lactitol may upregulate salivary IgA secretion possibly by stimulating absorption of SCFAs produced by cecal fermentation. Thus, continuous ingestion of PDX and lactitol for up to 4 weeks could increase salivary IgA and promote immune defense against pathogen invasion through the oral route.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous combined intake of polydextrose and lactitol stimulates cecal fermentation and salivary IgA secretion in rats

et al. 2017

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“…Th ese are even more significant among institutionalized elderly people 7,8 . Prevention of oral diseases is greatly infl uenced by salivary fl ow; furthermore, saliva protects the oral mucosa and the teeth, plays a role in taste perception, food-bolus formation, swallowing, communication and digestion 9 . Th e eff ect of aging on salivary fl ow is still unclear, and it seems that it is mainly the unstimulated salivary fl ow rate that is aff ected 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Flow Rate, Oral Yeast Colonization and Dental Status in Institutionalized and Non-Institutionalized Elderly

Glažar

2016

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SUMMARY -Elderly people, especially those institutionalized in long-term care facilities, are at risk of various oral diseases. Th e aim of the study was to determine the incidence of hyposalivation and colonization/oral fungal infection of oral cavity with yeasts, as well as dental status in institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly. Th e study included 280 institutionalized and 61 non-institutionalized elderly people. Salivary fl ow rate, oral colonization with yeasts/oral infection and dental status were assessed and compared between the groups. Th e institutionalized elderly had a signifi cantly lower salivary fl ow rate (p=0.035). Oral colonization with yeasts was more frequently found in institutionalized elderly (p<0.001) as compared with non-institutionalized elderly. A negative correlation was found between decreased salivary fl ow rate and oral yeast colonization and oral fungal infection in both the institutionalized (rs=-0.58; p<0.05) and non-institutionalized (rs=-0.52; p<0.05) groups. A signifi cant diff erence in DMFT index was observed between the two groups (p<0.001). A negative correlation between decreased salivary fl ow rate and dental status was found in both the institutionalized (rs=-0.22; p<0.05) and non-institutionalized (rs=-0.56; p<0.05) groups. Th e results revealed a signifi cantly higher level of hyposalivation and oral yeast colonization and poorer dental status in the institutionalized group as compared with the non-institutionalized group of elderly people.

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“…Saliva has a direct antibacterial activity [18][19][20] and possesses antifungal and antiviral properties. The impregnation of a sample with saliva is crucial to mimic the actual oral physiological environment 21) . Unstimulated saliva from a healthy donor was collected between 9.00 am to 11.00 am and stored in an ice-chilled test tube.…”

Section: Preparation Of Saliva Impregnated Gbr Membrane Discmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial efficacy of triple-layered poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid)/nanoapatite/lauric acid guided bone regeneration membrane on periodontal bacteria

et al. 2017

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A guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane has been extensively used in the repair and regeneration of damaged periodontal tissues. One of the main challenges of GBR restoration is bacterial colonization on the membrane, constitutes to premature membrane degradation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of triple-layered GBR membrane composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), nanoapatite (NAp) and lauric acid (LA) with two types of Gram-negative periodontal bacteria, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis through a disc diffusion and bacterial count tests. The membranes exhibited a pattern of growth inhibition and killing effect against both bacteria. The increase in LA concentration tended to increase the bactericidal activities which indicated by higher diameter of inhibition zone and higher antibacterial percentage. It is shown that the incorporation of LA into the GBR membrane has retarded the growth and proliferation of Gram-negative periodontal bacteria for the treatment of periodontal disease.

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The functions of human saliva: A review sponsored by the World Workshop on Oral Medicine VI

Cited by 389 publications

References 124 publications

Continuous combined intake of polydextrose and lactitol stimulates cecal fermentation and salivary IgA secretion in rats

Continuous combined intake of polydextrose and lactitol stimulates cecal fermentation and salivary IgA secretion in rats

Salivary Flow Rate, Oral Yeast Colonization and Dental Status in Institutionalized and Non-Institutionalized Elderly

Antibacterial efficacy of triple-layered poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid)/nanoapatite/lauric acid guided bone regeneration membrane on periodontal bacteria

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