The functional role of long noncoding RNA in resistance to anticancer treatment

Abstract

Chemotherapy is one of the fundamental methods of cancer treatment. However, drug resistance remains the main cause of clinical treatment failure. We comprehensively review the newly identified roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in oncobiology that are associated with drug resistance. The expression of lncRNAs is tissue-specific and often dysregulated in human cancers. Accumulating evidence suggests that lncRNAs are involved in chemoresistance of cancer cells. The main lncRNA-driven mechanisms of chemoresistance include regulation of drug efflux, DNA damage repair, cell cycle, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), induction of signaling pathways, and angiogenesis. LncRNA-driven mechanisms of resistance to various antineoplastic agents have been studied extensively. There are unique mechanisms of resistance against different types of drugs, and each mechanism may have more than one contributing factor. We summarize the emerging strategies that can be used to overcome the technical challenges in studying and addressing lncRNA-mediated drug resistance.

WITHDRAWN: A Novel Long Non-coding RNA, ENSG00000236199, Inhibits Proliferation and Metastasis through NRIP1 by Sponging miR-576-5p in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

“…Although great progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment for HCC, these achievements were far from improving the survival time and cure rate of HCC patients. More and more studies had shown that lncRNAs play an important role in various biological processes of human body (Wang et al 2020;Qu et al 2020;Lu et al 2020). In order to understand the development, diagnosis and treatment of the disease we need to explore the regulation mode of human gene deeply and immediately.…”

The Mechanistic Roles of ncRNAs in Promoting and Supporting Chemoresistance of Colorectal Cancer

“…The discovery of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs implicated in the response to antitumor therapy has been shown to promote the generation of new therapeutic approaches to reverse drug resistance. Despite our current understanding of the role of these ncRNAs in normal cells and in CRC development, as discussed previously, there are still issues to resolve, with one of them being the mechanism of action and role of these ncRNAs in the development of chemoresistance [27,166,185]. From the known ncRNAs (Figure 1), miRNAs and lncRNAs are the two most studied and understood ncRNAs involved in chemoresistance [23,24,26,27,70,116,186,187].…”

“…Despite our current understanding of the role of these ncRNAs in normal cells and in CRC development, as discussed previously, there are still issues to resolve, with one of them being the mechanism of action and role of these ncRNAs in the development of chemoresistance [27,166,185]. From the known ncRNAs (Figure 1), miRNAs and lncRNAs are the two most studied and understood ncRNAs involved in chemoresistance [23,24,26,27,70,116,186,187]. CircRNAs amongst the other ncRNAs have also been shown to be involved in chemoresistance [25,[188][189][190], but how circRNAs contribute to chemoresistance in CRC is an area which is limited and requires more research when compared to the contribution of miRNAs and lncRNAs to CRC chemoresistance.…”

“…In addition, alterations in ncRNA expression have shown to also be involved in regulating several protein targets or molecular pathways which eventually lead to or inhibit drug resistance [22]. Among the different ncRNAs identified to date, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long ncRNA (lncRNAs) are the two most studied ncRNAs involved in CRC chemoresistance, with circular RNAs (circRNAs) also gaining interest lately [20,[23][24][25][26][27]. This review article will focus on highlighting and summarising some of the recently identified/validated key molecular players from three ncRNA families; mainly miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs and the molecular mechanisms by which these ncRNAs affect CRC chemoresistance and sensitivity for the drugs 5-FU, OXA, Cisplatin and DOX.…”

LncRNA H19 Upregulation Participates in the Response of Glioma Cells to Radiation

“…Emerging evidence has shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) more than 200 nt in length play a powerful role in molecular regulation of cancer cells involving in various aspects [ 9 ]. H19 is a 2.3-kb lncRNA encoded by the H19 gene located on the chromosome 11p15.5 as an imprinting gene with maternal expression.…”