The functional anatomy of inspection time: an event-related fMRI study

Deary, Ian J.; Simonotto, Enrico; Meyer, Martin; Marshall, Alan; Marshall, Ian; Goddard, Nigel; Wardlaw, Joanna M.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.03.047

Cited by 153 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…3a). Together, these results suggest that the anterior insula has a complex role in auditory processing and that its function is probably not directly related to pitch processing but to some more general aspects of active listening (Bamiou et al, 2003;Lawrence et al, 2003;Deary et al, 2004;Mutschler et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Task-Dependent Activations of Human Auditory Cortex during Pitch Discrimination and Pitch Memory Tasks

Rinne¹,

Koistinen²,

Salonen³

et al. 2009

J. Neurosci.

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). However, the task dependence of AC activations has not been systematically investigated. In the present study, we applied high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging of the AC and adjacent areas to compare activations during pitch discrimination and n-back pitch memory tasks that were varied parametrically in difficulty. We found that anterior AC activations were increased during discrimination but not during memory tasks, while activations in the inferior parietal lobule posterior to the AC were enhanced during memory tasks but not during discrimination. We also found that wide areas of the anterior AC and anterior insula were strongly deactivated during the pitch memory tasks. While these results are consistent with the proposition that the anterior and posterior AC belong to functionally separate auditory processing streams, our results show that this division is present also between tasks using spatially invariant sounds. Together, our results indicate that activations of human AC are strongly dependent on the characteristics of the behavioral task.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Task-Dependent Activations of Human Auditory Cortex during Pitch Discrimination and Pitch Memory Tasks

Rinne¹,

Koistinen²,

Salonen³

et al. 2009

J. Neurosci.

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“…For blinks that started 75 to 150 msec after the stimulus began, however, RTs increased by an average of 170 msec. Others have shown that a high-contrast stimulus that lasts much less than 400 msec (e.g., 50 msec) can be readily responded to (Deary et al, 2004). The question arises, therefore: How does a blink that is yet to start, with the eyelids still wide open, delay the pushbutton response?…”

Section: Effect Of Coincident Blinks On Rtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of blinks and saccadic eye movements on visual reaction times

Johns

Crowley²,

Chapman³

et al. 2009

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics

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“…The task is the same as that described in Deary et al, (2004), but with a longer practice session. The cue, stimuli and mask are presented in Figure 1.…”

Section: Inspection Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Inspection time and cognitive abilities in twins aged 7 to 17 years: Age-related changes, heritability and genetic covariance

Edmonds¹,

Isaacs²,

Visscher³

et al. 2008

Intelligence

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We studied the age-related differences in inspection time and multiple cognitive domains in a group of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins aged 7 to 17 years. Data from 111 twin pairs and 19 singleton siblings were included. We found clear age-related trends towards more efficient visual information processing in older participants. There were substantial correlations between inspection time and cognitive abilities. The heritability of inspection time was 45%, and ranged from 73% to 85% for cognitive abilities. There were significant nonshared environmental effects on inspection time and Wechsler IQ scores, but no shared environmental effects. The genetic correlation between inspection time and Performance IQ was .55 and with Verbal IQ it was .28. There was a significant non-shared environmental correlation of .24 between inspection time and Verbal IQ.Inspection time and cognitive abilities 3 Inspection Time and cognitive abilities in twins aged 7 to 17 years: age-related changes, heritability and genetic covariance There has been a great deal of interest in inspection time as a psychological construct that correlates with general cognitive ability and might provide a partial foundation for individual differences in psychometric intelligence (Deary, 2000, chapter 7). This paper reports a cross-sectional study conducted on twins that assessed inspection time and psychometric tests of several cognitive abilities in children between the ages of 7 to 17 years.The twin design was used to examine the heritability of inspection time and cognitive abilities in childhood and adolescence. We examine the extent to which the association between inspection time and cognitive ability is associated with genetic or environmental factors by employing genetic covariance techniques. Inspection Time as an Index of Processing SpeedThe modelling and measurement of inspection time were developed in the 1970s (Vickers, 1970(Vickers, , 1979 Vickers, Nettelbeck & Wilson, 1972), from a theory of visual perception that assumes that information is acquired in small quanta from the environment. Each quantum is defined as an 'inspection', the characteristic stimulus duration needed by an individual in order to make a decision to a criterion level of accuracy (Vickers, 1970). An individual's inspection time is the stimulus exposure time necessary for accurate perception, and is considered by many to be an index of the central nervous system's speed of intake of information or speed of processing (Burns & Nettelbeck, 2003;Deary & Stough, 1996;Kranzler & Jensen, 1989;Nettelbeck, 1987;Nettelbeck & Wilson, 2004), although the precise nature of what inspection time measures is not fully understood (Deary, 2000, chapter 7).Inspection time and cognitive abilities 4 Inspection times are significantly correlated with psychometric intelligence as measured by IQ-type tests; people with higher psychometric intelligence can make accurate perceptual judgements on the basis of shorter stimulus durations (Brand, 1981(Brand, , 1984Brand & Deary, 1982;Dea...

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The functional anatomy of inspection time: an event-related fMRI study

Cited by 153 publications

References 57 publications

Task-Dependent Activations of Human Auditory Cortex during Pitch Discrimination and Pitch Memory Tasks

Task-Dependent Activations of Human Auditory Cortex during Pitch Discrimination and Pitch Memory Tasks

The effect of blinks and saccadic eye movements on visual reaction times

Inspection time and cognitive abilities in twins aged 7 to 17 years: Age-related changes, heritability and genetic covariance

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