The Functional Analysis of Scrapers: Problems, New Techniques and Cautions

Moccasin Confluence: Occupation and Settlement in the Lower Fredericksburg Basin of the Edwards Plateau

“…It is interesting to note that with regard to edge angle, the mean for stepping (71.9°) is close to those found by Cantwell (1979) in the analysis of the hardwood "Havana" scrapers (70.7°) and by Hayden and Kamminga (1979) in their report on Australian woodworking tools (70.0°).…”

“…Thickness, too, would logically be a factor in determining use, especially in such activities as chopping and adzing, and has been recorded as an integral attribute (albeit not a determining one) in an analysis of hardwood scrapers by Hester et al (1973). These three variables, thenLower Fredericksburg Basin Page 107 edge angle, weight, and thickness-will be related to types of edge damage in an attempt to establish values of what Cantwell (1979) has called "diagnostic criteria" for this collection.…”

Early Microlithic Technologies and Behavioural Variability in Southern Africa and South Asia

“…Whether or not a microlith was retouched into a point did not affect the angle or extent of retouch. This is also true with reference to Clarkson's (2002) (Wilmsen 1968, Cantwell 1979, Andrefsky 2005, this may suggest that side-retouched tools were more likely to be used for cutting activities and end-retouched tools for scraping (although this remains a speculative conclusion).…”

Raspadita: a new lithic tool from the Isthmus of Rivas, Nicaragua

“…Microchipping is distributed randomly across the tips in inverse proportion to the number of striations. This type of microwear is often caused by the movement of a tool within its haft (Anderson, 1980;Cantwell, 1979;Johannessen and Hasdorf, 1994;Mansur, 1982), suggesting that the tip was inserted into a haft and the proximal end used.…”