The function of mucous secretions in the cushion star Pteraster tesselatus Ives

Nance, James Milton; Braithwaite, Lee F.

doi:10.1016/0022-0981(79)90055-8

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As for the protective hypothesis, it has been demonstrated in various marine teleosts that their exposure to metals results in an increase of mucus secretion, which leads to a net decrease in accumulation of the contaminating metal (e.g. Bouquegneau et al 1979, Radoux & Bouquegneau 1979, Lock &van Overbeeke 1981, This could also be the case in echinoderms, as mucus secretion is among the first responses of these animals to external stress factors (Nance & Braithwaite 1979, Lawrence 1987, Astley & Ratcliffe 1989. Thus both processes -protective and excretory -could be involved in the decrease of Cd uptake from water which is linked to the presence of high Cd levels in the food of Paracentrotus lividus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental cadmium contamination of the echinoid Paracentrotus tividus: influence of exposure mode and distribution of the metal in the organism

Warnau¹,

Ledent²,

Temara³

et al. 1995

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Echinoids Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) were contaminated with Cd (as CdC12) in field or laboratory conditions through 3 modes of exposure: (1) exposure via the sea water, ( 2 ) exposure via the food chain (Posidonia oceamca leaves), and (3) 'mixed-source' exposure via both sea water and food. Results indicate that Cd accumulation by P. lividusvaries with both the body compartment of the echinoid and the exposure mode to the metal. The digestive wall shows the highest Cd uptake rates regardless of exposure mode. Bioaccumulation from sea water is prevalent in all compartments. Cd accumulation in the digestive wall and body wall of echinoids directly exposed to Cd in sea water is probably a dose-dependent process. Echinoids take up Cd with a lower efficiency (up to a 65% decrease) when they are contaminated via both sea water and food than when they are contaminated via sea water only. We suggest that this phenomenon is due to an increase in both excretion and mucus production (impeding Cd absorption from sea water) tnggered by high Cd levels in the food. Cd loss rates are low in companson with uptake rates and are dependent upon the body compartment and exposure mode. The data indicate that Cd has a relatively long biological half-life (215 d) once mcorporated in echinoid tissues. It is concluded that P. lividus -particularly its digestive wall -could serve as a good bioindicator of Cd contamination in the environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental cadmium contamination of the echinoid Paracentrotus tividus: influence of exposure mode and distribution of the metal in the organism

Warnau¹,

Ledent²,

Temara³

et al. 1995

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…pterasterids (Koren & Danielssen, 1856;Rodenhouse & Guberlet, 1946;Johansen & Petersen, 1971;Nance & Braithwaite, 1979McClary & Mladenov, 1988). The supradorsal membrane forms from a set of 15 lobes that develop on the aboral and lateral surfaces of the mesogen (Fig.…”

Section: Development Of the Supradorsal Membranementioning

confidence: 97%

Evolution of pelagic direct development in the starfish Pteraster tesselatus (Asteroidea: Velatida)

McEdward

1995

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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Rerezvvd 22Jub 199.3; acceptedfor pubhcatzon I6 September I994Drspitc a divcrsity of larval forms, remarkably c o n s c n 4 v c lcaturcs of astcroid dr\&~pmcnt dcfine a larval body plan that occurs throughout thr class. However, recent work on the starfish Plera.rter le.dalu.c has documented a highly derived pattern 0 1 development. Several features, including radial symmctry, parallcl cmbryonir and adult axes of symmetry, absence of a preoral lobe, and formation of corloms in the adult orientation from seven separate enterocoels, have not been reported in asteroids belore. 'l'he complete absence of the l a n d body plan features that are found in other asteroids, indicates that P. /uJJelafu.i dcvclops dircctly from thc cmbryo to thr juvcnilc and has a pelagic, nonfeeding (lecithotrophic), but nonlanal modc of dcvclopmcnt. I postulatc that dirrct dc\dopmcnt cvolvcd ovcr an rxtrndrd period in a lineage of brooding, deep-sea velatid (probably ptcrastcrid) anccstors of P. tenelalu.c. Selection for increased drvelopmental efficiency (loss of nonfunctional land fcaturrs) in the brooded offspring, could explain thr lack of larval settlement structurrs, thr nonlawal arrangement of coelonis, the lack of a prcoral lobc, thc lransvcrst' orirntation of the juvenile disc, and the lack of Idateral symmctry. T h c pattern of coclomogencsis could have been derived from that of othcr vclatids (c.g. solasterids) by relatively simple changes in timing and orientation of rntcmcocl formation, Rotation and posterior translation of the coelornic fate map of thc archcntrron prior to enterocoel formation would produce the coelomic compartments in the adult orirritation that rharactrrizes direct development in P. tesselatu. Thrsc unusual drvelopmrntal features lead to a radically different intcrprctation for the evolution of the pelagic 'larva' of P. lumlalus: ( I ) evolution of bcnthic brooding, (2) extreme simplification of development involving the loss of all l a n d features from thc life cycle, and (3) subsequent rervolution of pelagic development. In thc ( of P. k m l a l u h , where all larval structures were lost, thcrc do not serm to be functional constraints prcventing the re-evolution of prlagic developmrnt. Analysis of pelagic and benthic lamar, in other asteroids, suggests that major ccological transitions in lifr histories need not hc associated with substantial changes in moq)holocgygy. T h e loss of pelagic development should haw occurred repeatedly and should bc rcadily reversible. 'l'hese findings have interesting implications for the loss and evolution of pclagic disprrsal in the life histories of marine benthic invcrtcbrates.

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“…If this hypothesis is correct, then defensive sliming would have had to evolve before the appearance of the slime glands, unless unrelated selective pressures originally drove the invagination process, which is difficult to imagine. Other species use mucous secretion from the epidermis as an antipredator strategy (46), and if this were the case in early hagfishes, then invagination may have been selected for as a way to increase the surface area available for mucus production and storage, eventually leading to the ability to forcefully eject slime exudate. The invagination hypothesis is consistent with the presence of two cell types in the epidermis, large mucous cells (LMCs) and epidermal thread cells (ETCs), which resemble the two main secretory cell types in the slime glands, GMCs and GTCs (Figure 10) (8).…”

Section: Evolution Of Hagfish Slimementioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology, Biomechanics, and Biomimetics of Hagfish Slime

Fudge

Schorno

Ferraro

2015

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

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Hagfishes thwart attacks by fish predators by producing liters of defensive slime. The slime is produced when slime gland exudate is released into the predator's mouth, where it deploys in a fraction of a second and clogs the gills. Slime exudate is composed mainly of secretory products from two cell types, gland mucous cells and gland thread cells, which produce the mucous and fibrous components of the slime, respectively. Here, we review what is known about the composition of the slime, morphology of the slime gland, and physiology of the cells that produce the slime. We also discuss several of the mechanisms involved in the deployment of both mucous and thread cells during the transition from thick glandular exudate to ultradilute material. We review biomechanical aspects of the slime, along with recent efforts to produce biomimetic slime thread analogs, and end with a discussion of how hagfish slime may have evolved.

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The function of mucous secretions in the cushion star Pteraster tesselatus Ives

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

Experimental cadmium contamination of the echinoid Paracentrotus tividus: influence of exposure mode and distribution of the metal in the organism

Experimental cadmium contamination of the echinoid Paracentrotus tividus: influence of exposure mode and distribution of the metal in the organism

Evolution of pelagic direct development in the starfish Pteraster tesselatus (Asteroidea: Velatida)

Physiology, Biomechanics, and Biomimetics of Hagfish Slime

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