The Fuchsin-Aldehyde Reaction on the Endo Medium

Bord, George G. De

doi:10.1128/jb.2.3.309-314.1917

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Observation Date HD 80077 (B2.5 Ia + ) Morgan et al (1955) 1942-55 a Buscombe & Kennedy (1968) 1963-67 b Nordstrom (1975) <1975 a Moffat & Fitzgerald (1977) <1977 a Knoechel & Moffat (1982) 1977 a,b Negueruela et al (in prep. ) 2008 HD 169454 (B1 Ia + ) Morgan et al (1955) 1942-55 a Hiltner (1956) <1956 Code & Houck (1958) <1958 Botto & Hack (1962) <1962 Hutchings (1970) 1968 Wolf & Stahl (1985) 1972-4 Walborn (1980-5 Hutchings (1976 1973-5 Rivinius et al (1997) 1992-5 b Hanson et al (1996) 1994 c Hanson et al (1998) 1997 c Groh et al (2007) 2001-4 a HD 190603 (B1.5 Ia + ) Morgan et al (1955) 1942-55 Ahmad (1952) <1952 Hutchings (1970) 1968 Walborn (1971) 1969 Hutchings (1976) 1973-5 Bisiacchi et al (1976) 1975-6 Andrillat et al (1995) 1988-93 Rivinius et al (1997) 1990-1 b Lennon et al (1992) 1990 Hanson et al (1996) 1994 c,d Blum et al (1997) 1996 c,d Hanson et al (1998) 1998 c Crowther et al (2006) 1992-2003 Markova & Puls (2008) <2007 BP Cru (B1 Ia + ) Vidal (1973) 1973 d Bord (1979) 1974 Hammerschlag-Hensberge et al ( 1977( Parkes et al (1980 1977-78 d Kaper et al (1995) 1984 Kaper et al (2006) 1996…”

Section: Appendix A: Summary Of Historical Data For Galactic Bhgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the nature of the galactic early-B hypergiants

Clark

Najarro

Negueruela

et al. 2012

A&A

199

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Aims. Despite their importance to a number of astrophysical fields, the lifecycles of very massive stars are still poorly defined. In order to address this shortcoming, we present a detailed quantitative study of the physical properties of four early-B hypergiants (BHGs) of spectral type B1-4 Ia + ; Cyg OB2 #12, ζ 1 Sco, HD 190603 and BP Cru. These are combined with an analysis of their long-term spectroscopic and photometric behaviour in order to determine their evolutionary status. Methods. Quantitative analysis of UV-radio photometric and spectroscopic datasets was undertaken with a non-LTE model atmosphere code in order to derive physical parameters for comparison with apparently closely related objects, such as B supergiants (BSGs) and luminous blue variables (LBVs), and theoretical evolutionary predictions. Results. The long-term photospheric and spectroscopic datasets compiled for the early-B HGs revealed that they are remarkably stable over long periods (≥40 yrs), with the possible exception of ζ 1 Sco prior to the 20th century; in contrast to the typical excursions that characterise LBVs. Quantitative analysis of ζ 1 Sco, HD 190603 and BP Cru yielded physical properties intermediate between BSGs and LBVs; we therefore suggest that BHGs are the immediate descendants and progenitors (respectively) of such stars, for initial masses in the range ∼30−60 M . Comparison of the properties of ζ 1 Sco with the stellar population of its host cluster/association NGC 6231/Sco OB1 provides further support for such an evolutionary scenario. In contrast, while the wind properties of Cyg OB2 #12 are consistent with this hypothesis, the combination of extreme luminosity and spectroscopic mass (∼110 M ) and comparatively low temperature means it cannot be accommodated in such a scheme. Likewise, despite its co-location with several LBVs above the Humphreys-Davidson (HD) limit, the lack of long term variability and its unevolved chemistry apparently excludes such an identification. Since such massive stars are not expected to evolve to such cool temperatures, instead traversing an O4-6Ia→O4-6Ia + →WN7-9ha pathway, the properties of Cyg OB2 #12 are therefore difficult to understand under current evolutionary paradigms. Finally, we note that as with AG Car in its cool phase, despite exceeding the HD limit, the properties of Cyg OB2 #12 imply that it lies below the Eddington limit -thus we conclude that the HD limit does not define a region of the HR diagram inherently inimical to the presence of massive stars.

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Section: Appendix A: Summary Of Historical Data For Galactic Bhgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BP Cru (B1 Ia + ) Vidal (1973) 1973 d Bord (1979) 1974Hammerschlag-Hensberge et al (19791977Parkes et al (1980 1977-78 d Kaper et al (1995) 1984 Kaper et al (2006) 1996 b 2002 b…”

Section: Appendix A: Summary Of Historical Data For Galactic Bhgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the nature of the galactic early-B hypergiants

Clark

Najarro

Negueruela

et al. 2012

A&A

199

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“…The decolorization, which takes place if the plate is allowed to stand long enough, is due to such alkalis as amnmonia and amines, which are formed from the peptone and the beef extract. DeBord (1917) performed some experiments to test the effect of acid alone, combinations of acid and formaldehyde, and formaldehyde alone on decolorized basic fuchsins as well as on Endo agar. He thinks the reaction is an acid-aldehyde reaction and that the presence of an aldehyde is necessary to it.…”

Section: Groups Of Colon Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Color Diffusion in Endo Agar

Genung

Thompson

1927

J Bacteriol

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Bacteriologists have long recognized the need for a reliable test to detect the presence of colon organisms and to differentiate between the various species of that group. In 1904 Endo published a test which has been recognized ever since as a valuable and a desirable one. It has been widely used, especially in this country, for studying members of the colon group of bacteria. This medium contains an indicator in the fonn of decolorized basic fuchsin. When Bact. coli is grown on Endo agar it brings about a reaction which leads to a restoration of the color of the ftichsin in the colony while other bacteria have no such effect on decolorized fuchsin. This is an excellent and efficient method for detecting Bact. coli in contaminated materials, but it has certain disadvantages which have not, as yet, been entirely overcome. The method for making this medium is described by Endo as follows:

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