The frictional properties at the thoracic skin–fascia interface: implications in spine manipulation

Bereznick, David E.; Ross, J. Kim; McGill, Stuart M.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(02)00014-3

Cited by 36 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…32,33 Bereznick et al 32 postulate that no force impinging on the skin surface can have anything but a force component perpendicular to the skin surface due to the very low friction between the skin and underlying tissues. These analyses certainly challenge some of the fundamental principles of the Gonstead technique, which teaches the importance of line of drive away from the vertical.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in adjustment force, speed, and direction factors in chiropractic students after 10 weeks undergoing standard technique training

Owens¹,

Russell²,

Hosek³

et al. 2017

Journal of Chiropractic Education

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Objective: To assess the force profiles of high-velocity low-amplitude thrusts delivered to a mannequin on a force platform by novice students given only verbal instructions. Methods: Student volunteers untrained in adjusting delivered a series of adjustments to a mannequin on a force platform. Participants performed 3 light, 3 normal, and 3 heavy thrusts on 5 listings specifying contact point, hand, and direction. Force profiles were analyzed for speed and amplitude, consistency, and force discrimination. Two recording sessions occurred 10 weeks apart. Results: Sixteen participants (11 females, 5 male) completed the study. Peak forces ranged from 880 to 202 N for heavy thrusts and 322-to 66 N for light thrusts. Thrust rate was from 8.1 to 1.8 Newtons per millisecond. Average coefficients of variability (CV ¼ STD/mean) at each load level (initial/final) were heavy: 17%/15%; normal: 16%/15%; and light: 20%/20%, with 0 as ideal. A force ratio measured students' abilities to distinguish thrust magnitude. The heavy/normal ratio (initial/final) was 1.35/1.39, and the light/normal ratio was 0.70/0.67. Conclusions: At this point, without force feedback being used in the classroom, novice students can produce thrusts that look like those of their teachers and of experienced practitioners, but they may not produce similar speed and force values. They are consistent within and between sessions and can discriminate between light and heavy loads. A natural next step in our educational research will be to measure adjustment factors on more experienced cohorts of students with and without the presence of force-feedback training apparatus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in adjustment force, speed, and direction factors in chiropractic students after 10 weeks undergoing standard technique training

Owens¹,

Russell²,

Hosek³

et al. 2017

Journal of Chiropractic Education

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Future investigation of shear forces would be useful to characterize rotational "torque" components of the clinicians' applied force. From study of biomechanics related to the term "torque" as used in chiropractic technique, 43,44 and knowledge of the negligible friction that the skin fascia interface possesses 45 it is likely that said "torque" does not cause any axial (z-axis) rotational motion of the spine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Force-Time Profile Characterization of the McTimoney Toggle-Torque-Recoil Technique

Colloca¹,

Cunliffe²,

Pinnock³

et al. 2009

Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics

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“…Figure 1 illustrates the results of search strategy for potential articles. Following the initial exclusion of articles from database searches and after a review of potentially relevant articles obtained from database searches, manual searches, and authors, 21 obtained articles were excluded for the following reasons: case study/series 3,6,9,15,20,23,35 , use of mobilization instead of manipulation [36][37][38][39] , purpose being biomechanical/ physiological documentation 30,40,41 , cohort designs 11,12 , primarily informational 42,43 , one group pretest/post-test design 5 , follow-up of a previous RCT 44 , or subjects were younger than 18 years of age 45 . Eight authors were identified and emailed to find out if they were aware of other articles on TSM.…”

Section: Article Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Thoracic Spine Manipulation for the Management of Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Walser¹,

Meserve²,

Boucher³

2009

Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy

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The frictional properties at the thoracic skin–fascia interface: implications in spine manipulation

Cited by 36 publications

References 6 publications

Changes in adjustment force, speed, and direction factors in chiropractic students after 10 weeks undergoing standard technique training

Changes in adjustment force, speed, and direction factors in chiropractic students after 10 weeks undergoing standard technique training

Force-Time Profile Characterization of the McTimoney Toggle-Torque-Recoil Technique

The Effectiveness of Thoracic Spine Manipulation for the Management of Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

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