The Freudian libido as an incomplete cycle of reflexes.

Influences on Freud's Mourning and Melancholia and its contextual validity.

“…The problems of circularity and unfalsifiability were also picked up by other reviewers as well. Fritz (1927), for example, argued that it is difficult to accept the libido concepts used by Freud to account for depression on the grounds that these "mystical forces" are not neurologically localizable. Similarly, E. Klein (1927) stated that the "perpetuation of mentalistic concepts in psychiatry and the endowment of the nervous system with certain characteristics it does not possess [e.g., libido; see Fritz, 1927], leads to many erroneous conceptions as to the nature, etiology and transmissibility of insanity" (p. 285).…”

“…Fritz (1927), for example, argued that it is difficult to accept the libido concepts used by Freud to account for depression on the grounds that these "mystical forces" are not neurologically localizable. Similarly, E. Klein (1927) stated that the "perpetuation of mentalistic concepts in psychiatry and the endowment of the nervous system with certain characteristics it does not possess [e.g., libido; see Fritz, 1927], leads to many erroneous conceptions as to the nature, etiology and transmissibility of insanity" (p. 285). He then asserted that psychology must be a critical tool in order for it to be explanatory -"it must admit neither mentalisms nor behaviorisms, for they are both artificial and inadmissible abstractions" (p. 287).…”

“…The problems of circularity and unfalsifiability were also picked up by other reviewers as well. Fritz (1927), for example, argued that it is difficult to accept the libido concepts used by Freud to account for depression on the grounds that these “mystical forces” are not neurologically localizable. Similarly, E.…”