“…In addition, differences in the surface state, including topography, properties and composition, have significant influence on the fretting corrosion mechanism of the alloy tubes. For example, many hardening technologies, such as coating and microplastic deformation treatments, have been applied to improve the surface mechanical properties and microstructure of 690 alloy tubes and thereby enhance their fretting corrosion resistance (Yin et al , 2022; Kang et al , 2023). Furthermore, the surface oxidation conditions affect the wear and corrosion resistance of the material.…”