The Frequency of Occurrence of Foramen Thyroideum in the Human Larynx

Zemlin, Willard R.; Simmon, Annette; Hammel, Diane

doi:10.1159/000265759

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In our study, we found in adult larynges three cases of double FT, and in all the upper FT was much smaller than the lower. In an additional case, one fetal larynx showed a double FT. Like other authors, we have not observed the presence of three or more FT in the same thyroid lamina 2‐11 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Foramen Thyroideum: A Comparative Study in Embryos, Fetuses, and Adults

et al. 1997

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The incidence and characteristics of foramen thyroideum (FT) in embryonic and/or fetal larynges have not been established. In the present study, 90 adult larynges and 53 embryonic-fetal larynges were studied. The incidence of FT during the embryonic-fetal period (57%) was statistically different from the adult period (31%) (P = 0.005). All the FT found in the adult period contained vessels and/or nerves, while in the embryonic and fetal period only 63% presented neurovascular elements (P < 0.001). The origin of FT in the embryonic period and its persistence during adult life is discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Foramen Thyroideum: A Comparative Study in Embryos, Fetuses, and Adults

et al. 1997

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“…Other studies point the configuration of the TF due to the presence of neurovascular elements affecting the proper chondrification process of the thyroid lamina (Frazer, 1910;Leon et al, 1997). This explains satisfactory the hypothesis that TF is almost always located on the posterosuperior portion of the thyroid lamina, beneath the superior thyroid tubercle (Jelisiejew and Szmurlo, 1972;Zemlin et al, 1984;Leon et al, 1997). Muller et al (1981), supported that during development of the larynx, the ebSLN descend into the thyroid cartilage resulting the formation of a foramen.…”

Section: Embryologymentioning

confidence: 81%

“…According to Gr€ uber, the diameter of the TF ranges from 0.5 to 9 mm (Gr€ uber, 1876). While others report a diameter range of 0.5-6 mm in males and 0.45-6.5 mm in females (Zemlin et al, 1984), 2.2-4.1 mm (Liu et al, 2007), and 3-4 mm (Tanaka et al, 1997). The reported dimensions vary according to studies as 2.5 3 4 mm 2 (Lang et al, 1984), 2.2 3 2.9 mm 2 (Leon et al, 1997), and 2.2 3 2.7 mm 2 (Jelisiejew and Szmurlo, 1972).…”

Section: Morphometrymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The incidence in adults is variable between ethnic groups and studies, ranging from as low as 2% and as high as 57% (Kirchner et al, ; He et al, ). It is regarded as an anatomical variant and not an anomaly (Zemlin et al, ). The TF can be found incidentally during laryngeal specimens' histopathology elaboration, imaging studies of the neck, anatomical dissections, and surgical interventions of the larynx.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The thyroid foramen

Raikos

Paraskevas

2013

Clinical Anatomy

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This study presents an analytic review about the trait of the thyroid foramen. A detailed description about the demographics, frequency, embryology, morphometry, possible content, topography, clinical and surgical considerations is provided. The overall frequency was 28.3% in adults, 15% in children and neonates, 40.6% in embryos and fetuses. The content of the thyroid foramina was a neurovascular bundle in 41.2% of studies. An equal number of studies define a nerve as the common content, while only in 17.6% the usual content was a vessel. Interestingly, in 11.8% the content was just connective tissue or a pit. An updated classification is presented taking into account all the possible content that can cross through a thyroid foramen. The variant is of high interest for surgeons intervening in the larynx due to potential complications such as local bleeding and unwanted neural impairment. The oblique line of the thyroid lamina acts as the best topographical landmark to identify any aberrant anatomy related to a thyroid foramen.

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“…Previous recordings on the presence of a thyroid foramina range from 5 to 55% and state that the presence of vessels or nerves traversing this foramen is variable (Leó n et al, 1997). Zemlin et al (1984) stated that during his study of 66 specimens, 24% exhibited unilateral thyroid foramina, while 9% displayed bilateral thyroid foramina.…”

Section: Anatomic Variationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Atypical anastomosis of laryngeal nerves

et al. 2006

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The larynx and its associated structures derive their chief source of innervation from the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves. Surgery of the larynx requires a sound knowledge of the normal anatomy as well as variations that may be encountered in this region. We report the presence of rare communications between the right external and internal laryngeal nerves as well as between the right external and inferior laryngeal nerves via a thyroid foramen. In addition, we report on bilateral innervation of the respective ipsilateral aryepiglottic, transverse, and oblique arytenoid muscles by the internal laryngeal nerve, which is contrary to the classical descriptions of this nerve. The anatomic features are described and clinical implications are highlighted.

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The Frequency of Occurrence of Foramen Thyroideum in the Human Larynx

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Foramen Thyroideum: A Comparative Study in Embryos, Fetuses, and Adults

Foramen Thyroideum: A Comparative Study in Embryos, Fetuses, and Adults

The thyroid foramen

Atypical anastomosis of laryngeal nerves

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