The Frequency of Foreskin Problems in Uncircumcised Children

Herzog, Lynn W.; Alvarez, S.R.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)44796-3

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…[2][3][4] These were sourced as follows. The PubMed search yielded 1455 "hits," of which 27 2,4,14,17,18,20,21,[23][24][25][27][28][29][30][33][34][35][37][38][39][41][42][43]45,46,48,49 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Google Scholar yielded 4 further articles.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Phimosis in Males of All Ages: Systematic Review

Morris

Matthews

Krieger

2020

Urology

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Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Phimosis in Males of All Ages: Systematic Review

Morris

Matthews

Krieger

2020

Urology

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“…1). It is fairly common, occurring in 4-11% of uncircumcised boys [7,8,9]. The etiology is unclear and no cause can be identified in many cases, although infection, mechanical trauma, contact irritation, and contact allergy are cited [10].…”

Section: Balanoposthitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Prepuce: Phimosis, Paraphimosis, and Circumcision

Hayashi

Kojima

Mizuno

et al. 2011

The Scientific World JOURNAL

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Phimosis is a condition in which the prepuce cannot be retracted over the glans penis. Actually, physiologic phimosis is common in male patients up to 3 years of age, but often extends into older age groups. Balanoposthitisis a common inflammation occurring in 4–11% of uncircumcised boys. Circumcision is generally undertaken for three reasons: first, as an item of religious practice, typically neonatally although occasionally transpubertally, as a rite of passage; second, as a prophylactic measure against future ailments for the reduction in the risk of penile cancer, urinary tract infection, and sexually transmitted infection; and third, for immediate medical indication. Balanitisxeroticaobliterans is an infiltrative skin condition that causes a pathological phimosis and has been considered to be the only absolute indication for circumcision. Various kinds of effective alternatives to circumcision have been described, including manual retraction therapy, topical steroid therapy, and several variations of preputioplasty. All of these treatments have the ability to retract the foreskin as their goal and do not involve the removal of the entire foreskin. Paraphimosis is a condition in which the foreskin is left retracted. When manipulation is not effective, a dorsal slit should be done, which is usually followed by circumcision.

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“…Waskett, unpublished). In children, balanitis affected 5.9% of uncircumcised boys in one survey [46] and 14% in another [47]. A cross-sectional study of randomly selected dermatology patients found balanitis in 13% of uncircumcised, but only 2.3% of circumcised men [48].…”

Section: Inflammatory Dermatosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant male circumcision: An evidence-based policy statement

Morris¹,

Wodak²,

Mindel³

et al. 2012

OJPM

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Here we review the international evidence for benefits and risks of infant male circumcision (MC) and use this to develop an evidence-based policy statement for a developed nation setting, focusing on Australia. Evidence from good quality studies that include meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials showed that MC provides strong protection against: urinary tract infections and, in infancy, renal parenchymal disease; phimosis; paraphimosis; balanoposthitis; foreskin tearing; some heterosexually transmitted infections including HPV, HSV-2, trichomonas, HIV, and genital ulcer disease; thrush; inferior hygiene; penile cancer and possibly prostate cancer. In women, circumcision of the male partner protects against HPV, HSV-2, cervical cancer, bacterial vaginosis, and possibly Chlamydia. MC has no adverse effect on sexual function, sensitivity, penile sensation or satisfaction and may enhance the male sexual experience. Adverse effects are uncommon (<1%), and virtually all are minor and easily treated. For maximum benefits, safety, convenience and cost savings, MC should be performed in infancy and with local anesthesia. A risk-benefit analysis shows benefits exceed risks by a large margin. Over their lifetime up to half of uncircumcised males will suffer a medical condition as a result of retaining their foreskin. The ethics of infant MC and childhood vaccination are comparable. Our analysis finds MC is beneficial, safe and cost-effective, and should optimally be performed in infancy. In the interests of public health and individual wellbeing, adequate parental education, and steps to facilitate access and affordability should be encouraged in developed countries

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The Frequency of Foreskin Problems in Uncircumcised Children

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence of Phimosis in Males of All Ages: Systematic Review

Prevalence of Phimosis in Males of All Ages: Systematic Review

Prepuce: Phimosis, Paraphimosis, and Circumcision

Infant male circumcision: An evidence-based policy statement

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