SummaryObjective: To determine, in a school-based sample of children and adolescents, aged 7 to 17 years, of both genders, from public and private schools, the frequency of students previously submitted to blood pressure measurements.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a population pool of randomly selected schoolchildren and adolescents from elementary and high schools. The sample was calculated based on the expected prevalence of hypertension for the age group. Data were collected through a questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured twice and hypertension was defined as mean systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure > 95th percentile. Independent variables studied were gender, age range, socioeconomic status, public/private school.Results: The final sample included 1,253 students. The response rate was 97%: 1,215 students; 531 males; mean age 12.4±3 years (236 from 7 to 9 years; 638 from 10 to 14 years; 341 from 15 to 17 years). Prevalence of hypertension was 7.7%; 348 students (29%) had been previously submitted to blood pressure measurement (54% once; 35% 2 to 4 times; 11% 5 or more times). High economic status, private school and adolescent group were significantly associated to previous blood pressure measurement.Conclusion: Despite the pediatric consensus statements and guideline recommendations on the importance of blood pressure measurement at every examination after 3 years of age, this practice presents a very low frequency (29%) among children and adolescents.