The French Military influenza surveillance system (MISS): overview of epidemiological and virological results during four influenza seasons – 2008–2012

Duron, Sandrine; Mayet, Aurélie; Lienhard, F; Haus-Cheymol, R.; Verret, Catherine; Védy, S.; Guen, Le; Berbineau, L; Brisou, P.; Dubrous, P.; Garnotel, Éric; Meynard, J.‐B.; Deparis, Xavier; Mérens, Audrey; Bigaillon, C.; Migliani, R.

doi:10.4414/smw.2013.13848

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Febrile respiratory illness (FRI) results in substantial disease burden in semi-closed environments such as in the households [1] and militaries [2][3][4]. FRI is most commonly caused by viral infections, as observed in military respiratory surveillance programmes in Finland [5], United Kingdom [4,[6][7][8][9], Netherlands [10], France [11,12], South Korea [13][14][15], West Africa [16], Taiwan [17], China [18], Singapore [19][20][21][22][23][24], and the United States [3,[25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Males and close contact with a person with respiratory symptoms within 10 days before their own onset of illness were associated with adenovirus infection, but sleeping adjacent to someone ill with respiratory symptoms did not present higher risk to infection [39]. Influenza A and B viruses have also resulted in much morbidity in outbreaks, particularly influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection [11,12,17,20,21,26,44]. Some of the risk factors proposed were crowded living quarters defined as more than three personnel and age group less than 40 year old [45], asthma and obesity [46], age group less than 30 years old and the high proportion of military who had being seroconverted [47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors for febrile respiratory illness and mono-viral infections in a semi-closed military environment: a case-control study

et al. 2015

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BackgroundFebrile respiratory illness (FRI) results in substantial burden in semi-closed environments. Tackling risk factors may reduce transmission and infection. However, risk factors involved in one setting may not be generalizable in all settings due to differences in climate, residential environment, population genetic and cultural backgrounds. This study aims to identify risk factors of FRI and mono-viral infections in a tropical military environment.MethodsFrom year 2009 to 2012, military personnel with temperature ≥37.5 °C, cough and/or sore throat, and personnel with no fever or no respiratory symptoms were recruited as cases and controls, respectively. Subjects provided nasal wash specimens and answered a standardized questionnaire. Resplex assays were used to determine the viral etiologies. Descriptive, univariate and multivariate analyses of the variables were performed using appropriate descriptive tests and logistic regression modelling, respectively, with R program.ResultsA total of 7,743 FRI cases and 1,247 non-FRI study controls were recruited. Increasing age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.03; 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.01-1.05], recruit camp (AOR = 4.67; 95 % CI = 3.99-5.46) and smoker (AOR = 1.31; 95 % CI = 1.13-1.52) were independent risk factors of FRI. Malay ethnicity was positively associated with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (AOR = 1.50; 95 % CI = 1.04-2.15) and coxsackie/echovirus (AOR = 1.67; 95 % CI = 1.19-2.36) mono-infection. Significant contact risk factors were stay-out personnel with ill household member (AOR = 4.96; 95 % CI = 3.39-7.24), and stay-in personnel with ill bunkmate and household member (AOR = 3.55; 95 % CI = 2.57-4.91). Staying in camp with none ill in bunk and at home was a protective factor against FRI (AOR = 0.80; 95 % CI = 0.64-0.99). These contact risk factors were similarly observed for the five most common viruses detected, namely adenovirus, rhinoviruses, influenza A and B, and coxsackie/echovirus.ConclusionIncreasing age, smoker, recruit-camp, stay-out personnel with ill household members and stay-in personnel with ill bunkmates were independent risk factors of FRI in a semi-closed military environment. Early identification and isolation of ill personnel from their bunk may be effective to prevent and reduce transmission and disease burden.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for febrile respiratory illness and mono-viral infections in a semi-closed military environment: a case-control study

et al. 2015

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“…The US military participates in such a network with the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Division of Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS), which supports at least 52 national influenza centers and other country-specific influenza, regional and US-based, emerging infectious disease reference laboratories (44 civilian, 8 military) in 46 countries worldwide for surveillance and response [ 202 ]. Even the French military has implemented a surveillance system for influenza, called the military influenza surveillance system (MISS), as further evidence of the relevance of influenza to the military [ 203 ]. Finally, even the Italian Armed Forces have organized an Influenza Surveillance System in coordination with the civilian Influenza Surveillance Network (Influnet), driven by the Italian National Institute of Health.…”

Section: Vaccine-preventable Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Historical Review of Military Medical Strategies for Fighting Infectious Diseases: From Battlefields to Global Health

Biselli

Nisini

Lista³

et al. 2022

Biomedicines

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The environmental conditions generated by war and characterized by poverty, undernutrition, stress, difficult access to safe water and food as well as lack of environmental and personal hygiene favor the spread of many infectious diseases. Epidemic typhus, plague, malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis, tetanus, and smallpox have nearly constantly accompanied wars, frequently deeply conditioning the outcome of battles/wars more than weapons and military strategy. At the end of the nineteenth century, with the birth of bacteriology, military medical researchers in Germany, the United Kingdom, and France were active in discovering the etiological agents of some diseases and in developing preventive vaccines. Emil von Behring, Ronald Ross and Charles Laveran, who were or served as military physicians, won the first, the second, and the seventh Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for discovering passive anti-diphtheria/tetanus immunotherapy and for identifying mosquito Anopheline as a malaria vector and plasmodium as its etiological agent, respectively. Meanwhile, Major Walter Reed in the United States of America discovered the mosquito vector of yellow fever, thus paving the way for its prevention by vector control. In this work, the military relevance of some vaccine-preventable and non-vaccine-preventable infectious diseases, as well as of biological weapons, and the military contributions to their control will be described. Currently, the civil–military medical collaboration is getting closer and becoming interdependent, from research and development for the prevention of infectious diseases to disasters and emergencies management, as recently demonstrated in Ebola and Zika outbreaks and the COVID-19 pandemic, even with the high biocontainment aeromedical evacuation, in a sort of global health diplomacy.

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“…Notification criteria for confirmed influenza were clinical influenza with biological confirmation (rapid test and/or PCR and/or culture) by nasopharyngeal specimens. Specific surveillance of influenza among members of the armed forces was stopped in 2013 as AFRTIs are an adequate indirect indicator to monitor influenza during seasonal outbreaks among soldiers [10]. Only the 2006-2013 data is therefore presented for influenza.…”

Section: Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of acute respiratory tract infections (2006–2015) and influenza (2006–2013) among French armed forces

Gentile¹,

Frechard²,

Dia³

et al. 2020

Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses

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The French Military influenza surveillance system (MISS): overview of epidemiological and virological results during four influenza seasons – 2008–2012

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Risk factors for febrile respiratory illness and mono-viral infections in a semi-closed military environment: a case-control study

Risk factors for febrile respiratory illness and mono-viral infections in a semi-closed military environment: a case-control study

A Historical Review of Military Medical Strategies for Fighting Infectious Diseases: From Battlefields to Global Health

Incidence of acute respiratory tract infections (2006–2015) and influenza (2006–2013) among French armed forces

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