The Fremantle Lead Study

Fr, Willis; Rossi, Enrico; Bulsara, Max; Mj, Slattery

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00821.x

“…These sources include old paint of high lead concentration, house dust or contaminated soil that may be ingested by young children, especially those with pica [22]. The water supply in certain areas may be above the recommended maximum lead concentration [17,23], while in communities adjacent to congested traffic conditions, the atmosphere may contain raised lead levels [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood lead in U.K. children–time for a lower action level?

O'Donohoe

¹

,

Chalkley

²

,

Richmond

³

et al. 1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1. Blood lead measurements in samples collected from 660 London schoolchildren during 1991 to 1992 suggest that the blood lead values in children in the U.K. are decreasing. 2. Geometric mean values for blood lead were 0.18 (range 0.05-0.71) micromol/l [3.7 (1. 0-15.0) microgram/dl]. Analysis of variance showed differences between ethnic groups, sex and schools. An age-matched subset of 148 children was compared with 136 children from an earlier study in 1986 and 1987. Trend analysis of the geometric mean lead values showed a negative slope (b=-0.484, P<0.0001), with maximum values of 0.81, 1.00, 0.71 and 0.43 micromol/l (17, 21, 15 and 9 microgram/dl) for the years 1986, 1987, 1991 and 1992 respectively. 3. It is recommended that children in the U.K. being investigated for anaemia, pica, recurrent abdominal pain or a high-risk environment should have blood lead values measured and that the action level for blood lead in children should be decreased from 1.19 micromol/l to 0.48 micromol/l (from 25 microgram/dl to 10 microgram/dl). 4. Guidance is offered to clinicians and other health professionals investigating excessive lead exposure.

show abstract

“…Other countries, notably the U.S.A. and Australia, have reduced their action levels to 0.48 µmol\l (10 µg\dl) [19]. The water supply in certain areas may be above the recommended maximum lead concentration [17,23], while in communities adjacent to congested traffic conditions, the atmosphere may contain raised lead levels [24]. In the U.S.A., the recommendation for universal lead testing of all children under the age of 6 years was not implemented in many parts of the country [20] and was recently abandoned in favour of a ' screening initiative to address problems in core problem areas ' [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood lead in U.K. children‒time for a lower action level?

O’DONOHOE¹,

CHALKLEY²,

RICHMOND³

et al. 1998

Clinical Science

17

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1. Blood lead measurements in samples collected from 660 London schoolchildren during 1991 to 1992 suggest that the blood lead values in children in the U.K. are decreasing. 2. Geometric mean values for blood lead were 0.18 (range 0.05-0.71) micromol/l [3.7 (1. 0-15.0) microgram/dl]. Analysis of variance showed differences between ethnic groups, sex and schools. An age-matched subset of 148 children was compared with 136 children from an earlier study in 1986 and 1987. Trend analysis of the geometric mean lead values showed a negative slope (b=-0.484, P<0.0001), with maximum values of 0.81, 1.00, 0.71 and 0.43 micromol/l (17, 21, 15 and 9 microgram/dl) for the years 1986, 1987, 1991 and 1992 respectively. 3. It is recommended that children in the U.K. being investigated for anaemia, pica, recurrent abdominal pain or a high-risk environment should have blood lead values measured and that the action level for blood lead in children should be decreased from 1.19 micromol/l to 0.48 micromol/l (from 25 microgram/dl to 10 microgram/dl). 4. Guidance is offered to clinicians and other health professionals investigating excessive lead exposure.

show abstract

“…Indigenous children in mining communities have been shown to be at greater risk of abnormally high levels of lead in blood compared to their non-Indigenous counterparts, which was attributed to poorly maintained housing and bare soil (18). Iron deficiency due to poor diet may also promote lead uptake.…”

Section: The Australian Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indigenous health and environmental risk factors: an Australian problem with global analogues?

Knibbs

¹

,

Sly

²

2014

Global Health Action

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Indigenous people experience poorer health than non-Indigenous people, and this well-described inequality has been observed in many countries. The contribution of different risk factors to the health ‘gap’ has understandably focussed on those factors for which there are sufficient data. However, this has precluded environmental risk factors – those present in air, water, food, and soil – due to a lack of data describing exposures and outcomes. These risk factors are demonstrably important at the global scale, as highlighted by the 2010 Global Burden of Disease study. Here, we describe how a greater focus on environmental risk factors is required in order to define their role in the Indigenous health gap. We use the Australian context as a case study of an issue we feel has global analogues and relevance. Suggestions for how and why this situation should be remedied are presented and discussed.

show abstract

The Fremantle Lead Study

Abstract: A group of Fremantle children with unacceptably high blood lead levels has been identified. Renovation of older housing and Aboriginality are important risk factors.

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Blood lead in U.K. children–time for a lower action level?

Blood lead in U.K. children–time for a lower action level?

Blood lead in U.K. children‒time for a lower action level?

Indigenous health and environmental risk factors: an Australian problem with global analogues?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About