The freezing phenomenon in the random-exchange Gd₅Co₅₀Al₄₅alloy

Abstract

The random-exchange metallic Gd5Co50Al45 alloy is investigated using dc and ac magnetization measurements. The freezing phenomenon below K is studied employing static and dynamic scaling analyses. The results of the analyses show that the alloy undergoes a transition from a paramagnetic to a cluster-glass state upon cooling. The values of the critical exponents characterizing the disordered phase are estimated and discussed comparatively with similar systems.

Enhancing network robustness against targeted and random attacks using a memetic algorithm

“…Defining the total measure as the sum of the measures against both attacks can also be found in the existing literature [23,24,28,29]. But the measures in [23,28,29] are based on the percolation threshold, which are different from R T &R here. Although the measure in [24] is also based on R, it just uses a single round of attacks.…”