The free-living unarmored dinoflagellata

Kofoid, Charles A.; Swezy, Olive

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.24995

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“…The cytoplasm around the Noctiluca nucleus has been reported to have a reddish color (18,34), giving dense populations of Noctiluca a pink hue (the "red tides"). In the related dinoflagellate, Gyrodinium corallinum, the nuclear membrane has been described as containing a layer of pink vacuoles (27). ~fhe fibrous layer under the nuclear membrane remains to be discussed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Noctiluca belongs to the order Dinoflagellata, a group which is characterized by a single nucleus containing evenly scattered moniliform chromatin threads (27). The chromatin is in a state resembling permanent prophase chromosomes, and the separate chromatin threads do not lose their individuality from one mitosis to another.…”

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“…By light microscopy it has been noted that some of the largest members of the dinoflagellates (Gymnodinium rubrum, Gyrodinium virgatum, and Gyrodinium corallinurn) have a peculiar structure at the level of the nuclear membrane. It is an alveolar layer of ellipsoidal vacuoles sometimes seen to have a pink content (27). These species have not been subjected to electron microscopy, nor has the giant of the order, Noctiluca.…”

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THE NUCLEUS OF NOCTILUCA SCINTILLANS

Afzelius¹

1963

The Journal of Cell Biology

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A B S T R A C TThc unicellular organism, Noctiluca, has becn cxamincd with thc electron microscope. The nuclcus is small compared to the very large size of the cell, but the nuclear border has an organization which indicates an active nucleocytoplasmic exchange. Whereas annuli arc missing over most parts of the nuclear membranc propcr, there arc "annulated vesiclcs" in a layer inside the nuclcar membranc. Thc hypothesis is put forth that nuclear substanccs move through the annuli into these vesicles, and that the annulated vesicles themsclves are transported through the nuclear membrane. The various forms ot the annulated vesicles are consistent with this hypothesis. An implication of this postulate is the synthesis of annulatcd mcmbrancs inside a closed nucleus which arc physically separate from the endoplasmic reticulum. The chromosomes arc in a state resembling prophase chromosomes and arc surrounded by granular masscs. Only a small portion of thc entire nuclear volume is occupicd by the chromosomes. There are many nucleolus-likc bodies.Following the description of the morphology of the nuclear membrane (1, 8, 42) a number of theories have been proposed which attempt to explain the exchange of substances through the nuclear membrane at a fine structural level. The notion that the annuli of the nuclear membrane contain ribosomelike granules (1) has been taken as evidence for transport of particles through the annuli (e.g. reference 41). It has also been proposed that substances may diffuse from the nucleus to the perinuclear space (i.e., the cleft between the two electron-opaque layers of the nuclear membrane) and reach the cavities of the endoplasmic reticulum by means of several open communications between the two structures (17,42). A third concept is the "membrane flow hypothesis" of Bennett (5), implying a transport of particles from nucleus to cytoplasm by means of a "flowing" of the membranes with attached particles through the pore and in some way around the annulus. In a fourth hypothesis it is assumed that relatively large "emission bodies" may pass the nuclear membrane by tearing a hole in it and thus leaving an open nucleo-cytoplasmic connection (26). Finally, it has been suggested that there might be a passage of large emission bodies, but that the nuclear membrane is closed by a regenerating membrane under the body before its actual emission (reference 2, and, similarly, reference 12). This mechanism presupposes formation of nuclear membrane inside a closed nucleus. The only mechanism of nucleocytoplasmic transport which has received experimental support is the route through the annuli, as demonstrated in amebas by injection of colloidal gold (I 1).In a study of the cytology of the luminescent

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THE NUCLEUS OF NOCTILUCA SCINTILLANS

Afzelius¹

1963

The Journal of Cell Biology

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“…A few binucleated cysts containing large glycogen vacuoles had chromatic bodies around the edge of the vacuole ( fig. 98) Kofoid's (1920) genus, Tritrichomolzas as T. wenrichi. Crouch's Hesamita marmotae is placed in the genus Octomitus, and identified as 0. pulcher, previously described as Hexamitus pulcher by Becker ('26) from Citellus tridecernlilzeatus.…”

Section: Describe Hexamitus Teres As a New Species From Citellus T R~mentioning

confidence: 99%

The morphology and taxonomy of the intestinal protozoa of the american woodchuck, marmota monax linnaeus

Gabel

1954

Journal of Morphology

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“…Sometimes collections of debris, etc., could be seen adhering to the caudal process (cp. Jepps, 1923;Kofoid and Swezy, 1924: Enttamtoeba gingivalis). The nucleus was not evident in the unstained flagellate, but with Leishman's stain, and also with a combination of eosin and iodine, it was possible to make out the anteriorly situated nucleus.…”

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