The free diffusion of macromolecules in tissue-engineered skeletal muscle subjected to large compression strains

Gefen, Amit; Cornelissen, LH Lisette; Gawlitta, Debby; Bader, DL Dan; Oomens, Cwj Cees

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.10.023

Cited by 52 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Furthermore, it has been reported that diffusion is decreased in biological constructs subjected to deformation. 20,36 However, identical results were obtained by simulating the experiments with a 50% lower diffusion coefficient, since the EpiDerm culture was very thin compared to its surface area in contact with the medium. Moreover, cytokine transport in the medium was limited due to the low medium diffusion coefficient and not to diffusion inside the EpiDerm culture.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

The Transport Profile of Cytokines in Epidermal Equivalents Subjected to Mechanical Loading

et al. 2009

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

The Transport Profile of Cytokines in Epidermal Equivalents Subjected to Mechanical Loading

et al. 2009

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“…A technique like the MFEP method (see Section 3.2.3) might possibly solve this issue in certain situations. In another study, FRAP was used to investigate the diffusion of dextrans inside a tissue-engineered skeletal muscle model in compressed and uncompressed state (118). A significantly reduced diffusion coefficient was found in the compressed state, information that could be helpful in the development of a screening method for early detection of pressure-related deep tissue injuries.…”

Section: Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FRAP in Pharmaceutical Research: Practical Guidelines and Applications in Drug Delivery

et al. 2013

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Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescence microscopy technique that has attracted a lot of interest in pharmaceutical research during the last decades. The main purpose of FRAP is to measure diffusion on a micrometer scale in a non-invasive and highly specific way, making it capable of measurements in complicated biomaterials, even in vivo. This has proven to be very useful in the investigation of drug diffusion inside different tissues of the body and in materials for controlled drug delivery. FRAP has even found applications for the improvement of several medical therapies and for the field of diagnostics. In this review, an overview is given of the different applications of FRAP in pharmaceutical research, together with essential guidelines on how to perform and analyse FRAP experiments.

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“…26 As the localized tissue loads in the patients with SCI are not relieved through motion, they combine with ischemia, blockage of lymphatic vessels and hindered diffusion to eventually induce and promote muscle cell death. 13,15,18 In order to understand the etiology of DTI, and perhaps in order to prevent it, strains and stresses in sub-dermal soft tissues overlying bony prominences must be evaluated in individuals continuously in time, in a non-invasive, non-intrusive manner. This means that the internal tissue strains/stresses should be characterized during daily activities, at the patient's natural environment (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Finite Element Monitoring of Sub-Dermal Tissue Stresses in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: Toward Prevention of Pressure Ulcers

et al. 2008

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Patients with a spinal cord injury (SCI) are susceptible to deep tissue injury (DTI), a necrosis in excessively deformed muscle tissue overlying bony prominences, which, in wheelchair users, typically occurs in the gluteus muscles under the ischial tuberosities. Recently, we developed a generic real-time, subject-specific finite element (FE) modeling method to provide monitoring of mechanical conditions in deep tissues deformed between bony prominences and external surfaces. We previously employed this method to study internal tissue loads in plantar tissues of the foot [Yarnitzky, G., Z. Yizhar, and A. Gefen. J. Biomech. 39:2673-2689, 2006] and in muscle flaps of residual limbs in patients who underwent transtibial amputation (Portnoy, S., G. Yarnitzky, Z. Yizhar, A. Kristal, U. Oppenheim, I. Siev-Ner, and A. Gefen. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 35:120-135, 2007). The goal of the present study was to adapt the method to study the time-dependent mechanical stresses in glutei of patients with SCI during wheelchair sitting, continuously in real-time, and to compare the trends of internal tissue load data with those of controls. Prior to human studies, the real-time FE model-adapted to study the buttocks during sitting-was validated by comparing its predictions to data from a physical phantom of a buttocks and to non-real-time, commercial FE software. Next, real-time, subject-specific, FE models were built for six participating subjects (3 patients with SCI, 3 controls) based on their individual anatomies from MRI scans. Subjects were asked to sit normally in a wheelchair, on a ROHO cushion, and to watch a 90 min movie. Continuous interface pressure measurements from a pressure mat were used as subject-specific boundary conditions for real-time FE analyses of deep muscle stresses. Highest peaks of compression, shear and von Mises stresses throughout the trial period, and averages of peaks of these stresses were recorded over the trial for each individual. These parameters generally had 3-times to 5-times greater values in patients with SCI compared with controls. Likewise, stress doses, defined as the integration of peak compression stress over time, were approximately 35-times and approximately 50-times greater in the subjects with SCI, the values referring to the highest of all peaks recorded throughout the trial, and to average of peaks over the trial, respectively. We believe that by allowing-for the first time-practical and continuous monitoring of internal tissue loads in patients with motosensory deficits, without any risk or interruption to their lifestyle, and either at the clinical setting or at home, the present method can make a substantial contribution to the prevention of severe pressure ulcers and DTI.

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The free diffusion of macromolecules in tissue-engineered skeletal muscle subjected to large compression strains

Cited by 52 publications

References 40 publications

The Transport Profile of Cytokines in Epidermal Equivalents Subjected to Mechanical Loading

The Transport Profile of Cytokines in Epidermal Equivalents Subjected to Mechanical Loading

FRAP in Pharmaceutical Research: Practical Guidelines and Applications in Drug Delivery

Real-Time Finite Element Monitoring of Sub-Dermal Tissue Stresses in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: Toward Prevention of Pressure Ulcers

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