The Framingham Study

Dawber, Thomas R.

doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674492097

Cited by 534 publications

(129 citation statements)

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“…32 These three causes of cardiovascular death accounted for more than 80% of all the cardiovascular deaths in this autopsy series, with other cardiac causes explaining only 16% of the total. Despite the demonstrated effectiveness of antihypertensive medications in lowering blood pressure and preventing the complications of hypertension, 29 national surveillance data continue to show substantial gaps in detection, awareness, treatment, and control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31 The propensity of the left ventricle to hypertrophy is strongly related to blood pressure level. 32,33 The relationship of left ventricular hypertrophy to race and skin color is controver- sial. Some studies have shown no relationship after taking account of severity and duration of hypertension, 34,35 whereas others have found such relationships.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypertensive Vascular Disease as a Cause of Death in Blacks Versus Whites

Onwuanyi

Hodges²,

Avancha³

et al. 1998

Hypertension

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Abstract-Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of excess mortality among urban US blacks, but autopsy data comparing black-white differences in underlying pathological causes of cardiovascular death are lacking. We reviewed all 720 adult cases autopsied in 1991 in the New York City Medical Examiner's Office in which the coded cause of death was cardiovascular disease (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, codes 391, 393 to 398, 401 to 404, 410, 411, 414 to 417, 420 to 438, and 440 to 444). After exclusion of 133 cases because race was missing or coded as other than black or white, gender was not coded, or there was an unusual circumstances of death or extreme obesity, 587 cases were available for analysis. There were 314 black and 273 white subjects. Black women were younger than white women at time of death (mean age, 54.7 versus 61.5 years; PϽ.001), whereas black and white men did not differ in mean age at death. Hypertensive vascular disease was the autopsy cause of death in 42% of blacks compared with 23% of whites (PϽ.001). Conversely, atherosclerotic heart disease was the autopsy cause of death in 64% of white subjects but only 38% of blacks. These patterns were consistent in both sexes and after adjustment for age. Hypertensive vascular disease was far more common than atherosclerotic heart disease as the cause of death at autopsy among blacks compared with whites in New York City, whereas atherosclerotic heart disease was more common in whites. These findings suggest that ineffective control of hypertension is a major factor contributing to excess cardiovascular mortality among urban blacks. (Hypertension. 1998;31:1070-1076.)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertensive Vascular Disease as a Cause of Death in Blacks Versus Whites

Onwuanyi

Hodges²,

Avancha³

et al. 1998

Hypertension

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“…The benefit of data integration can be illustrated by a consideration of the Framingham Heart Study, the landmark longitudinal analysis of risk determinants for coronary artery disease (Dawber 1980). As a result of the massive and comprehensive collection of clinical and biological data in relation to coronary disease, the Framingham predictive models were developed that combine a wide variety of variables including age, gender, tobacco use, diabetes, hypertension, body mass index (BMI), low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) cholesterol, and family history (Wilson et al 1998); the resulting Framingham risk score predicts the relative likelihood for risk of developing coronary artery disease.…”

Section: Integrated Analysis: Utilizing the Complexity Of Genomic Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embracing the complexity of genomic data for personalized medicine

West¹,

Ginsburg²,

Huang³

et al. 2006

Genome Res.

127

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Numerous recent studies have demonstrated the use of genomic data, particularly gene expression signatures, as clinical prognostic factors in cancer and other complex diseases. Such studies herald the future of genomic medicine and the opportunity for personalized prognosis in a variety of clinical contexts that utilizes genome-scale molecular information. The scale, complexity, and information content of high-throughput gene expression data, as one example of complex genomic information, is often under-appreciated as many analyses continue to focus on defining individual rather than multiplex biomarkers for patient stratification. Indeed, this complexity of genomic data is often-rather paradoxically-viewed as a barrier to its utility. To the contrary, the complexity and scale of global genomic data, as representing the many dimensions of biology, must be embraced for the development of more precise clinical prognostics. The need is for integrated analyses-approaches that embrace the complexity of genomic data, including multiple forms of genomic data, and aim to explore and understand multiple, interacting, and potentially conflicting predictors of risk, rather than continuing on the current and traditional path that oversimplifies and ignores the information content in the complexity. All forms of potentially relevant data should be examined, with particular emphasis on understanding the interactions, complementarities, and possible conflicts among gene expression, genetic, and clinical markers of risk.

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“…Weight, height and waist circumference measurements are described in detail elsewhere (Dawber, 1980;De Groot & van Staveren, 1988;De Groot et al, 1991). In the Framingham study and SENE-CA's baseline study, blood samples were collected and analysed for blood haemoglobin and serum albumin following standardised procedures, described in detail elsewhere (Dawber, 1980;De Groot & van Staveren, 1988;Dirren et al, 1991). Three subjects were eliminated from the calculation of haemoglobin, because of extreme values (Dirren et al, 1991).…”

Section: Lifestyle Factors and Nutritional Status Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of dietary quality in relationship to nutritional and lifestyle factors in elderly people of the US Framingham Heart Study and the European SENECA study

et al. 2001

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Objective: To evaluate dietary quality of European and American elderly subjects using different derivatives of dietary patterns (dietary scores and clusters) and to investigate the relationship of these approaches to nutritional and lifestyle factors. Design: Data from the cross-sectional SENECA baseline study and Framingham Heart Study (original cohort and offspring) were used for data analysis. Food intake data were summarised into dietary clusters and into dietary scores (Healthy Diet Indicator and Mediterranean Diet Score). These measures of dietary quality were then tested for associations with lifestyle factors and measures of nutritional status. Subjects=Setting: The study population, aged 70 -77 y, consisted of 828 subjects from Framingham, MA (USA) and 1282 subjects from the following European centres: Hamme, Belgium; Roskilde, Denmark; Padua, Italy; Culemborg, The Netherlands; Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal; Betanzos, Spain; and Yverdon, Burgdorf and Bellinzona, Switzerland. Results: Dietary intake varied widely across the European and American research centres. In general, Southern European centres and Framingham had higher mean diet scores, indicating a higher dietary quality, than Northern European centres (MD-scores: 4.2 -4.4 vs 2.7 -3.5). Cluster analysis identified the following five dietary patterns characterised by: (1) sugar and sugar products; (2) fish and grain; (3) meat, eggs and fat; (4) milk and fruit; and (5) alcohol intake. The meat, eggs and fat pattern had significantly lower average dietary quality, as measured with all three diet scores than all other groups except the alcohol group. The fish and grain group had significantly better Mediterranean diet scores than all other groups. Conclusions: Dietary scores and dietary clusters are complementary measures to classify dietary quality. The associations with nutritional and lifestyle factors indicate the adequate categorisation into dietary quality groups.

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The Framingham Study

Cited by 534 publications

References 0 publications

Hypertensive Vascular Disease as a Cause of Death in Blacks Versus Whites

Hypertensive Vascular Disease as a Cause of Death in Blacks Versus Whites

Embracing the complexity of genomic data for personalized medicine

Evaluation of dietary quality in relationship to nutritional and lifestyle factors in elderly people of the US Framingham Heart Study and the European SENECA study

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