The Fractures of Humerus Shaft and Medial Epicondyle by Arm Wrestling

Yoon, Yeo Hun; Ha, Jong Kyung; Choi, Kyung Jun; Lee, Kwan Hee; Shin, Sang Jin

doi:10.12671/jkfs.2006.19.4.437

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“… 32 , 59 Among 54 adult patients whose body mass index was stated, 40 had a body mass index within the normal range (18.50-24.95 kg/m 2 ), 13 had mild thinness (17.00-18.49 kg/m 2 ) or preobesity (25.00-29.99 kg/m 2 ), and 1 had class II obesity (35.00-39.99 kg/m 2 ) according to the criteria of the World Health Organization. 4 , 19 , 42 , 59 , 82 , 83 , 85 Among the 28 patients whose physical characteristics were mentioned, 24 patients were muscular and 4 were of medium build. 8 , 13 , 18 , 37 , 40 , 47 , 54 , 61 , 85 , 86 , 87 Among the 51 patients whose participation in regular sports activities was reported, 33 were engaged in regular sports activities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The injured side was the dominant side in 51 (59%) patients and nondominant side in 35 (41%) patients (n = 86). 7 , 18 , 19 , 32 , 38 , 42 , 47 , 59 , 67 , 75 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 85 , 86 The posture during the match was prone for 1 patient, sitting for 26, and half-rising or standing for 22 (n = 49). 38 , 59 , 82 , 83 , 86 Based on the patients' statements, the opponent was physically characterized as smaller/weaker than the patient in 4 cases, similar to the patient in 32, and larger/stronger than the patient in 15 (n = 51).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the most common injury to adults is a humeral shaft fracture, arm wrestling can also cause other serious injuries such as scapular neck fracture, 14 rupture of the subscapularis, 8,25,57 rupture of the medial collateral ligament of the elbow, 44 anterior dislocation of the elbow with or without olecranon fracture, 69,73 olecranon fracture, 64 anterior dislocation or fracture-dislocation of the radial head, 17,60 radial shaft fracture or neck fracture, 13,14,23 recurrent subluxation of the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon, 9 triangular fibrocartilage complex injury, 58 rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb, 24 and proximal phalanx fracture 21 ; moreover, epiphyseal fracture-separation of the medial humeral epicondyle may occur in teenagers. 2,54,59,75,83 The purpose of this review is to systematically evaluate the available literature to clarify the current understanding of humeral shaft fracture secondary to arm wrestling and propose the possible mechanism based on clinical and experimental evidence.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fractures of the humeral shaft caused by arm wrestling: a systematic review

Ogawa¹,

Yoshida²,

Matsumura³

et al. 2022

JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Fractures of the humeral shaft caused by arm wrestling: a systematic review

Ogawa¹,

Yoshida²,

Matsumura³

et al. 2022

JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques

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“…The other injuries of the upper limb associated with arm wrestling included fractures of the medial epicondyle 15 , 16 , radial neck 17 , radial shaft 18 , and the olecranon 19 and the rupture of the subscapularis 20 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humeral Shaft Fracture Sustained During Arm Wrestling with Review of Factors Contributing to its Causation

Pande¹,

NMH²,

SML³

et al. 2021

Malays Orthop J

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Introduction: Humeral shaft fractures are the most common injury sustained in arm wrestling, and its various biomechanical, anatomical, kinematic and electromyographic aspects have been studied and reported. We present a series of six cases of humeral shaft fractures in the arm wrestlers and a review of basic science studies to determine the factors contributing to their causation. Materials and methods: Six humeral shaft fractures associated with arm wrestling were treated between December 2018 and January 2020. The medical records and radiographs were retrospectively reviewed. In addition, the characteristics of the patients, their opponents, and the fractures were noted in a pre-designed data sheet. Results: There were six men with an average age of 27.5 years (SD ± 8.9). All were amateurs who were occasional arm wrestlers. Three fractures each were sustained in the sitting and standing position, four in the losing phase, one in the winning phase, and one in the stalling phase. The dominant side humerus was involved in all but one case. The fracture types were 12-A1 (n=4); 12-B1 (n=1); 12-A2 (n=1). Three fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation, while three were treated conservatively with satisfactory healing. Conclusion: Humeral shaft fractures in arm wrestling are common in amateurs. There is no association of the fracture with the position of the players or the phase of the match. However, arm wrestlers should be aware of this complication and should receive proper guidance to reduce the risk of humeral shaft fractures.

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“…With the exception of 6 case series, all studies were case reports with 3 patients. 27,32,[37][38][39]56 We evaluated the patients in terms of age, sex, occupation, physical characteristics, injured side, dominant arm, match status/details, number of matches, posture in the match, opponent's physical characteristics, fracture type/displacement, associated injuries, type of treatment, and outcome. A case of a 39-year-old man with an old MHE fracture was excluded because the time when the fracture occurred could not be determined.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture-Separation of the Medial Humeral Epicondyle Caused by Arm Wrestling: A Systematic Review

Ogawa

Yoshida

Matsumura

et al. 2022

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background: Arm wrestling is a popular sport in which various injuries have occurred, even in children. Purpose: To analyze reported fracture-separation of the medial humeral epicondyle (MHE) caused by arm wrestling to determine its mechanism and provide a current overview. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched using the terms “arm wrestling” and “humeral fracture” or “medial humeral epicondyle fracture”; and “sports” and “humeral fracture” or “medial humeral epicondyle fracture,” following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The inclusion criteria were English full-text articles on arm wrestling–induced MHE fracture that described patient characteristics and presented appropriate images. Studies with a lack of appropriate images or detailed description of the injury situation were excluded. The patient characteristics were evaluated, and the ratios of treatment selection and outcomes were evaluated using the chi-square test. Results: Included were 27 studies with a total of 68 patients, all boys with a mean age of 14.6 ± 1.24 years (based on n = 65, with 3 patients excluded from this calculation as no definitive age was provided). Boys aged 14 to 15 years accounted for 72% (49/68) of the cases. Fracture occurred suddenly during arm wrestling in 63 boys, while the other 5 boys experienced antecedent medial elbow pain. The match status at the time of injury, provided for 46 patients, was varied. In 31 boys with known match details, injury occurred when a participant suddenly added more force to change the match status. Eight patients displayed anterior and/or proximal displacement of the MHE fragment. Treatment was nonoperative in 25 patients and operative in 38 patients (n = 63, excluding 5 unknown patients). In 35 patients followed up for ≥3 months (mean, 17.6 ± 12.3 months), outcomes were not significantly different between the operative and nonoperative groups. Conclusion: MHE fracture-separation caused by arm wrestling occurred mostly in boys aged 14 to 15 years regardless of the match status. The likely direct cause is forceful traction of the attached flexor-pronator muscles. A relative mechanical imbalance during adolescence may be an underlying cause. A sudden change from concentric to eccentric contraction of the flexor-pronator muscles increases the likelihood of fracture occurrence.

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The Fractures of Humerus Shaft and Medial Epicondyle by Arm Wrestling

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Fractures of the humeral shaft caused by arm wrestling: a systematic review

Fractures of the humeral shaft caused by arm wrestling: a systematic review

Humeral Shaft Fracture Sustained During Arm Wrestling with Review of Factors Contributing to its Causation

Fracture-Separation of the Medial Humeral Epicondyle Caused by Arm Wrestling: A Systematic Review

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