The Four Stages of Youth Sports TBI Policymaking: Engagement, Enactment, Research, and Reform

Harvey, Hosea H.; Koller, Dionne L.; Lowrey, Kerri McGowan

doi:10.1111/jlme.12225

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Thus, it is imperative that those who are responsible for creating and implementing policies derived from such laws, particularly policies relating to the 3 tenets (removal from play, return to play, and concussion education), are well versed in strategies that improve and facilitate the implementation of such laws. 23 We identified several key implementation strategies, including but not limited to the roles of key individuals, education and awareness strategies, and effective communication among the involved parties. Whereas the implementation of laws may vary from state to state and district to district, identifying the most common strategic implementation techniques and guiding principles can help ensure that athletes with concussions are recognized and treated appropriately.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative Evaluation of High School Implementation Strategies for Youth Sports Concussion Laws

Davies

Coxe

Harvey

et al. 2018

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: All 50 states and the District of Columbia have enacted laws governing concussion management and education. These concussion laws, featuring common tenets regarding removal from play, return to play, and concussion education, have shaped school and district policies. Objective: To evaluate the strategies commonly used to implement concussion laws at the school and district levels, as reported by certified athletic trainers (ATs). Design: Qualitative study. Setting: High schools. Patients or Other Participants: We interviewed 64 ATs from high schools (1 per school) participating in High School Reporting Information Online. Data Collection and Analysis: Interviews were conducted with participants between April and October 2015 regarding implementation of the 3 core tenets of concussion laws. Research team members independently evaluated the interview transcripts and field notes to identify common themes in implementation strategies. Results: Of the 64 schools represented, 90.6% were public schools, 89.1% sponsored more than 15 sports, and all schools employed at least 1 AT and had a written concussion policy. Four commonly used strategies to implement removal from play were reliance on coaches, immediate response, referral and guidance after injury, and notification of key individuals. Use of assessment or baseline tests, communication among parties involved, reliance on AT assessments, and return-to-learn policies were 4 frequent strategies to implement return to play. Finally, 3 major implementation strategies to effectuate concussion education were use of existing educational tools, timing of education, and concussion training for school professionals. Conclusions: Although concussion laws were passed at different times and varied in content across states, common themes in implementation strategies emerged across jurisdictions. The identification of strategic approaches to implementation will help ensure proper concussion management and education, reducing negative health outcomes among youths with concussions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative Evaluation of High School Implementation Strategies for Youth Sports Concussion Laws

Davies

Coxe

Harvey

et al. 2018

Journal of Athletic Training

Self Cite

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“…Legislation has been enacted in all 50 states to address youth sports concussion risk . Although these laws address youth sports concussion‐related education to athletes, coaches, and parents, they vary in their content and requirements about youth sports concussion‐related education .…”

Section: Implications For School Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concussions among high school athletes are a public health concern because of the increased susceptibility and lengthier recovery times among high school athletes compared to college athletes . Legislation to address concussion risk among young athletes has been enacted in all 50 states . A common component of these state laws is the provision of youth sports concussion‐related education to athletes, coaches, and parents, but many schools have their own policies and practices that address youth sports concussion‐related education aimed at reducing concussion risk and enhancing recognition and management of youth sports concussions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Schools with Youth Sports Concussion‐Related Educational Policies and Practices

DePadilla

Miller

Jones

2020

Journal of School Health

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BACKGROUND School policies and practices designed to educate athletes, parents, and coaches about youth sports concussions may be a way to reduce concussion risk and improve both the recognition and management of concussions. METHODS Nationally representative data from the 2014 School Health Policies and Practices Study (SHPPS) were used to assess associations between school demographic characteristics (eg, school level, metropolitan status, and school type) and school policies and practices addressing youth sports concussion‐related education for athletes, parents, and coaches. RESULTS Overall, many schools had policies and practices that addressed youth sports concussion‐related education for athletes, parents, and coaches. There was significant variability in the adoption of policies and practices by some school demographic characteristics. Middle schools, private schools, and urban schools were less likely to adopt many of the policies and practices than high schools, public schools, and rural schools, respectively. For other school characteristics, no consistent patterns of associations emerged. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that middle, private, and urban schools, in particular, are more likely to lack youth sports concussion‐related educational policies and practices and may need information or resources about the importance of education related to preventing, recognizing, and responding to concussions.

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“…Harvey et al [38] applied a four-stage framework of engagement, enactment, research and reform of states' Lystedt Laws noting that public health lawmaking in this area was consistent with prior standard high-visibility public health law interventions such as mandatory seatbelt laws [39]. The first stage of engagement involves engaging the public and key stakeholders and asking them to rethink the role of government intervention into a previously under-regulated space.…”

Section: Policy Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Sports-Related Concussion: US Healthcare Access, Finance, and Delivery

Younger

2018

ABNE

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The current United States health care systems has challenges and inconsistencies resulting from deficiencies in prevention and the optimal management of the sports-related concussion that goes beyond the acute injury. The current system leads to gaps in optimal care for children beginning with coaches who fail to identify a sport-relation concussion, remove a player from the practice or game or properly assess the player for a concussion before returning them to play according to each states’ laws; to more systemic problems that result from lack of communication with parents and school officials. The result is a delay in diagnosis and treatment, and in the provision of follow-up health services, concussion-related educational and insurance-related services and applicable insurance waivers. Viewed through the lens of a public health socioecological framework, the actors and social and environmental factors, and policy-sensitive participants can be clarified with respect to formulating public health policy in order to identify areas amenable to intervention and health risk mitigation of school-age youth at risk.

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The Four Stages of Youth Sports TBI Policymaking: Engagement, Enactment, Research, and Reform

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

Qualitative Evaluation of High School Implementation Strategies for Youth Sports Concussion Laws

Qualitative Evaluation of High School Implementation Strategies for Youth Sports Concussion Laws

Characteristics of Schools with Youth Sports Concussion‐Related Educational Policies and Practices

Adolescent Sports-Related Concussion: US Healthcare Access, Finance, and Delivery

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