The fossil record of callitrichine primates

Lost and found: The third molars of Callimico goeldii and the evolution of the callitrichine postcanine dentition

“…The current platyrrhine fossil record lacks the resolution needed to test the hypothesis of 119 reversal of M3 loss in Callimico (e.g., Rosenberger et al, 1990;Kay, 1994). An alternative 120 approach is to use the distribution of character states in extant primates to infer the number of 121 molars in the last common ancestor of callitrichines.…”

The current status of the New World monkey phylogeny

“…According to Kay (1990) Callicebus is the most basal of the callitrichine tree, and Ford (1986) places Callicebus together with Cebus and Saimiri as the most basal clade of the platyrrhines. However, Rosenberger & Coimbra-Filho (1984) and Rosenberger et al (1990) argued that Callicebus and Aotus are sister lineages linked to the pitheciine clade. In a more drastic point of view, Tyler (1991) suggested that Aotus must be removed from the ceboid clade and placed in a sister group of the entire Anthropoidea.…”

Preliminary notes on a newly discovered skull of the extinct monkey Antillothrix from Hispaniola and the origin of the Greater Antillean monkeys

“…Rosenberger (1977) and Rosenberger et al (1990) identified a combination of dental and mandibular features that support an affiliation with the living pitheciid, Callicebus. Ford and Morgan (1986) thought that Xenothrix, by virtue of its reduced molar formula, might be a large callitrichine.…”

“…Simplified scenarios of platyrrhine origins in the Greater Antilles. A. Hispaniolan primates Antillothrix, Paralouatta, and Xenothrix form a clade sister to Callicebus (Pitheciidae) that arrived in the Antilles either by vicariance (monkey symbol) or less likely by rafting (wavy lines) (Horovitz and MacPhee, 1999;MacPhee and Horovitz, 2004), B. Hispaniolan primates Antillothrix, Paralouatta, and Xenothrix are variously related respectively to cebines (Saimiri and Cebus), Alouatta, and Callicebus (or Aotus), and each arrived by rafting (wavy lines) (Rosenberger, 1977;Rosenberger et al, 1990;Rosenberger, 2002;Rosenberger et al, 2010). connection could have served as a bridge for the nonvolant mammals into the Antilles. Subsequent tectonic events separated Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico with attendant vicariant biotic events.…”