The Fossil History of Quercus

Barrón, Eduardo; Averyanova, A. L.; Kvaček, Zlatko; Momohara, Arata; Pigg, Kathleen B.; Popova, Svetlana; Mijarra, José María Postigo; Tiffney, Bruce H.; Utescher, Torsten; Zhou, Zhe‐Kun

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_3

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…Extinction of tree species was severe up to the Middle Pleistocene, then dramatically reduced during more recent periods (Svenning, ; Magri et al , ). As is the case for other woody genera (Latham & Ricklefs, ), the fossil record indicates widespread European oak extinction beginning at the Pliocene (Barrón et al , ). While there are no solid figures on oak species numbers at the beginning of the Quaternary, there are today about eight times as many species in Asia and in the Americas as in Europe.…”

Section: Microevolution and Macroevolution Interact To Shape Oak Successmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Most studies of oak microevolution have either quantified the amount of evolutionary change within a given spatiotemporal interval or have investigated the pace and mechanism of evolutionary processes driving evolutionary change. These studies have made use of complementary approaches and disciplines, including paleobotany, ecology, phylogeography, population biology and quantitative genetics, as partially reviewed previously (Manos et al , ; Kremer et al , ; Barrón et al , ; Cavender‐Bares, ). In general, microevolutionary processes have been studied from synchronic monitoring of data for traits and gene markers in extant in situ natural populations or ex situ common gardens (provenance tests).…”

Section: Microevolution In Oaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…). The first three of these three diversification events reflect migrations into novel territory, either topographically heterogeneous (in the case of Mexico) or altogether lacking closely related oaks (in the case of Europe, where only sections Ilex and Cerris , with possibly some red oaks (Barrón et al , ), were to be found when the white oaks arrived). In the fourth, section Cyclobalanopsis , diversification appears to have been driven by climatic changes associated with the Himalayan orogeny (Deng et al , ).…”

Section: Microevolution and Macroevolution Interact To Shape Oak Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oaks: an evolutionary success story

2019

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Summary The genus Quercus is among the most widespread and species‐rich tree genera in the northern hemisphere. The extraordinary species diversity in America and Asia together with the continuous continental distribution of a limited number of European species raise questions about how macro‐ and microevolutionary processes made the genus Quercus an evolutionary success. Synthesizing conclusions reached during the past three decades by complementary approaches in phylogenetics, phylogeography, genomics, ecology, paleobotany, population biology and quantitative genetics, this review aims to illuminate evolutionary processes leading to the radiation and expansion of oaks. From opposing scales of time and geography, we converge on four overarching explanations of evolutionary success in oaks: accumulation of large reservoirs of diversity within populations and species; ability for rapid migration contributing to ecological priority effects on lineage diversification; high rates of evolutionary divergence within clades combined with convergent solutions to ecological problems across clades; and propensity for hybridization, contributing to adaptive introgression and facilitating migration. Finally, we explore potential future research avenues, emphasizing the integration of microevolutionary and macroevolutionary perspectives.

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Section: Microevolution and Macroevolution Interact To Shape Oak Successmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Microevolution In Oaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microevolution and Macroevolution Interact To Shape Oak Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oaks: an evolutionary success story

2019

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“…However, despite their biogeographic parallels, we note that Castanopsis and Nothofagus are distant relatives within Fagales (82,90). Adding further complexity, indisputably Laurasian Fagaceae, such as Quercus (14), also inhabit Malesia (but not New Guinea) (2). Thus, we propose that the classical idea of the region's montane rainforests as a meeting ground of Laurasian and Gondwanan lineages (55, 57) now applies within Fagaceae s.s.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among its 10 genera and >900 species, numerous Fagaceae are keystone species that define forest structure in biodiverse areas and produce abundant protein-rich, animaldispersed fruits (6,7). The family's fossil record is extensive but entirely restricted to the Northern Hemisphere (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15); likewise, biogeographic hypotheses for the living genera do not consider the Southern Hemisphere (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). The southernmost occurrences of Fagaceae are in New Guinea, where a few species of the castaneoid genera Castanopsis and Lithocarpus are abundant (1, 23,24).…”

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confidence: 99%

Eocene Fagaceae from Patagonia and Gondwanan legacy in Asian rainforests

Wilf

Nixon

Gandolfo

et al. 2019

Science

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The beech-oak family Fagaceae dominates forests from the northern temperate zone to tropical Asia and Malesia, where it reaches its southern limit. We report early Eocene infructescences of Castanopsis, a diverse and abundant fagaceous genus of Southeast Asia, and co-occurring leaves from the 52-million-year-old Laguna del Hunco flora of southern Argentina. The fossil assemblage notably includes many plant taxa that associate with Castanopsis today. The discovery reveals novel Gondwanan history in Fagaceae and the characteristic tree communities of Southeast Asian lower-montane rainforests. The living diaspora associations persisted through Cenozoic climate change and plate movements as the constituent lineages tracked post-Gondwanan mesic biomes over thousands of kilometers, underscoring their current vulnerability to rapid climate change and habitat loss.

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Variations in morphological and epidermal features of shade and sun leaves of two species: Quercus bambusifolia and Q. myrsinifolia

Маслова

Karasev

et al. 2021

American J of Botany

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Premise: Microclimatic differences between the periphery and the interior of tree crowns result in a variety of adaptive leaf macromorphological and anatomical features. Our research was designed to reveal criteria for sun/shade leaf identification in two species of evergreen oaks, applicable to both modern and fossil leaves. We compared our results with those in other species similarly studied. Methods: For both Quercus bambusifolia and Q. myrsinifolia (section Cyclobalanopsis), leaves from single mature trees with well-developed crowns were collected in the South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China. We focus on leaf characters often preserved in fossil material. SVGm software was used for macromorphological measurement. Quantitative analyses were performed and box plots generated using R software with IDE Rstudio. Leaf cuticles were prepared using traditional botanical techniques. Results: Principal characters for distinguishing shade and sun leaves in the studied oaks were identified as leaf lamina length to width ratio (L/W), and the degree of development of venation networks. For Q. myrsinifolia, shade and sun leaves differ in tooth morphology and the ratio of toothed lamina length to overall lamina length. The main epidermal characters are ordinary cell size and anticlinal wall outlines. For both species, plasticity within shade leaves exceeds that of sun leaves. Conclusions: Morphological responses to sun and shade in the examined oaks are similar to those in other plant genera, pointing to useful generalizations for recognizing common foliar polymorphisms that must be taken into account when determining the taxonomic position of both modern and fossil plants.

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The Fossil History of Quercus

Cited by 28 publications

References 160 publications

Oaks: an evolutionary success story

Oaks: an evolutionary success story

Eocene Fagaceae from Patagonia and Gondwanan legacy in Asian rainforests

Variations in morphological and epidermal features of shade and sun leaves of two species: Quercus bambusifolia and Q. myrsinifolia

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