The Formation of Estrogens by Central Neuroendocrine Tissues

Naftolin, Frederick; Ryan, Kenneth J.; Davies, I. John; Reddy, V. R.; Flores, Francisco; Petro, Zoltan; Kühn, Matthew J.; White, Robert J.; Takaoka, Yoshiro; Wolin, L.R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-571131-9.50012-8

Cited by 405 publications

(282 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…However, the ability of estrogens and androgens to work in tandem to regulate male behavior was confirmed by investigators who demonstrated that co-treatment of castrated male animals with estradiol and dihydrotestosterone restored all parameters of male sexual behavior comparable to that of animals treated with testosterone alone (Baum and Vreeburg, 1973). Several brain regions important for controlling male sexual behavior contain aromatase activity (Naftolin, 1975, Selmanoff, 1977, Roselli et al, 1998 providing support for the concept that testosterone can be converted locally to estradiol within selective brain sites. Recent studies using the aromatase null mouse model (ArKO) underscore the importance of brain aromatase and estrogen in male rodent sexual behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This relationship is based on numerous observations made over the years that testosterone can be converted to estradiol in a number of tissues, including brain (Naftolin et al, 1975), by the P450 enzyme, aromatase. Further, testosterone can also be converted to a more potent androgen, dihydrotestosterone, by the 5-alpha reductase enzyme (Selmanoff et al, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An alternate pathway for androgen regulation of brain function: Activation of estrogen receptor beta by the metabolite of dihydrotestosterone, 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol

Handa

Pak

Kudwa

et al. 2008

Hormones and Behavior

183

122

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The complexity of gonadal steroid hormone actions is reflected in their broad and diverse effects on a host of integrated systems including reproductive physiology, sexual behavior, stress responses, immune function, cognition, and neural protection. Understanding the specific contributions of androgens and estrogens in neurons that mediate these important biological processes is central to the study of neuroendocrinology. Of particular interest in recent years has been the biological role of androgen metabolites. The goal of this review is to highlight recent data delineating the specific brain targets for the dihydrotestosterone metabolite, 5α-androstane, 3β, 17β-diol (3β-Diol). Studies using both in vitro and in vivo approaches provide compelling evidence that 3β-Diol is an important modulator of the stress response mediated by the hypothalmo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Further, the actions of 3β-Diol are mediated by estrogen receptors, and not androgen receptors, often through a canonical estrogen response element in the promoter of a given target gene. These novel findings compel us to re-evaluate the interpretation of past studies and the design of future experiments aimed at elucidating the specific effects of androgen receptor signaling pathways.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An alternate pathway for androgen regulation of brain function: Activation of estrogen receptor beta by the metabolite of dihydrotestosterone, 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol

Handa

Pak

Kudwa

et al. 2008

Hormones and Behavior

183

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In males among several vertebrate species, reproductive behaviors activated by testosterone require first its conversation to an estrogenic metabolite (Naftolin, Ryan, Davies, Reddy, Flores, Petro, Kuhn, White, Takaoka, and Wolin, 1975). Although it is clear that the genomic actions of estrogen are involved at least partly in mediating these effects, less is known about possible fast actions of estrogen on these sexual behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid effects of aromatase inhibition on male reproductive behaviors in Japanese quail

Cornil

Taziaux

Baillien

et al. 2006

Hormones and Behavior

102

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Non-genomic effects of steroid hormones on cell physiology have been reported in the brain. However, relatively little is known about the behavioral significance of these actions. Male sexual behavior is activated by testosterone partly through its conversion to estradiol via the enzyme aromatase in the preoptic area (POA). Brain aromatase activity (AA) changes rapidly which might in turn be important for the rapid regulation of behavior. Here, acute effects of Vorozole ™ , an aromatase inhibitor, injected IP at different doses and times before testing (between 15 and 60 min), were assessed on male sexual behavior in quail. To limit the risk of committing both types of statistical errors (I and II), data of all experiments were entered into a meta-analysis. Vorozole ™ significantly inhibited mount attempts (p<0.05, size effect [g]=0.527) and increased the latency to first copulation (p<0.05, g=0.251). The treatment had no effect on the other measures of copulatory behavior. Vorozole ™ also inhibited appetitive sexual behavior measured by the social proximity response (p<0.05, g=0.534) or rhythmic cloacal sphincter movements (p<0.001, g=0.408). Behavioral inhibitions always reached a maximum at 30 min. Another aromatase inhibitor, androstatrienedione, induced a similar rapid inhibition of sphincter movements. Radioenzyme assays demonstrated that within 30 min Vorozole ™ had reached the POA and completely blocked AA measured in homogenates. When added to the extracellular milieu, Vorozole ™ also blocked within 5 min the AA in POA explants maintained in vitro. Together, these data demonstrate that aromatase inhibition rapidly decreases both consummatory and appetitive aspects of male sexual behavior.

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“…In castrated male rats, estradiol, which is metabolite of testosterone generated by aromatization (Naftolin et al 1975), par tially restores vasopressin immunostaining in castrated male rats, while dihydrotestosterone, which is a nonaromatizable, androgenic metabolite of testoster one generated by reduction (Lieberburg and McEwen 1975), does not by itself restore vasopressin immunostaining. However, if dihydrotestosterone is given in combination with estradiol, it enhances vasopressin immunostaining (De Vries et al 1986).…”

Section: Cellular Basis Of Sex-related Differences In Vasopressin Expmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying neurotransmitter systems to understand the development and function of sex differences in the brain: the case of vasopressin

Vries¹,

Geert²

1995

Neurobiological Effects of Sex Steroid Hormones

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The Formation of Estrogens by Central Neuroendocrine Tissues

Cited by 405 publications

References 48 publications

An alternate pathway for androgen regulation of brain function: Activation of estrogen receptor beta by the metabolite of dihydrotestosterone, 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol

An alternate pathway for androgen regulation of brain function: Activation of estrogen receptor beta by the metabolite of dihydrotestosterone, 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol

Rapid effects of aromatase inhibition on male reproductive behaviors in Japanese quail

Studying neurotransmitter systems to understand the development and function of sex differences in the brain: the case of vasopressin

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