The formation of a fibrinogen-activator complex by the action of streptokinase

Chesterman, Colin N.; Cederholm‐Williams, S.A.; Allington, M. J.; Sharp, A. A.

doi:10.1016/0049-3848(77)90152-9

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In previous studies, a substance in plasma has been shown to be a potentiator of the activation of plasminogen by SK (Takada et al, 1970(Takada et al, , 1972. This activity has also been shown to be present in fibrinogen (Chesterman et al, 1977;Camiolo et al, 1980), fibrin (Camiolo et al, 1980), and in fibrinogen degradation products (Violand et al, 1980). However, the region of the fibrinogen molecule responsible for this effect has not been forwarded, and the mechanism of action of fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation products in potentiating SK activity in plasminogen activation has not been investigated in detail.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, it has been noted by several investigators that a plasma protein appears to potentiate SK activity toward plasminogen (Takada et al, 1970(Takada et al, , 1972Chesterman et al, 1977). The SK cofactor activity is associated with the fibrinogen molecule (Violand et al, 1980;Camiolo et al, 1980;Takada et al, 1980), a 330000 molecular weight plasma protein whose structure has been extensively investigated by several laboratories.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Enhancement of the streptokinase-catalyzed activation of human plasminogen by human fibrinogen and its plasminolysis products

Strickland¹,

Morris²,

Castellino³

1982

Biochemistry

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The effects of human fibrinogen, and several plasmin-derived fragments of fibrinogen, on the streptokinase-induced activation of human plasminogen (Pg) have been investigated. Fibrinogen stimulates the rate of activation of human Glu1-Pg, Lys77-Pg, and Val442-Pg. The cofactor activity of fibrinogen appears to reside mainly in the D-domain region, since purified fragment D is active in this system. Fibrinogen fragment E was not active in this regard. The cofactor activity of fragment D was partially dependent on the presence of Ca2+. This effect of Ca2+ was likely due to its stabilizing influence on fragment D, as revealed by studied employing differential scanning calorimetry. Conversion of fragment D1 to fragments D2--5 did not alter the cofactor activity. Steady-state kinetic analysis of the activation of Val442-Pg by the streptokinase-Val442-plasmin complex demonstrated that the Km decreased approximately 2-fold, in the presence of fragment D1. Very little change in the steady-state kinetic parameters for Glu1-Pg and Lys77-Pg, when activated by the streptokinase-Lys77-plasmin complex, was noted in the presence of fragment D1. It was also found that both fibrinogen and fibrinogen fragment D1 increased the rate of formation of the active site in the streptokinase-plasminogen complex, of all forms of plasminogen, and that this effect was sufficient to explain the overall stimulation of the activation of plasminogen by fibrinogen and fibrinogen fragment D1.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of the streptokinase-catalyzed activation of human plasminogen by human fibrinogen and its plasminolysis products

Strickland¹,

Morris²,

Castellino³

1982

Biochemistry

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“…The amount of SK available for this purpose is not known for sure except that high levels (greater than 1.000 IU/ml) tend to inhibit lysis, corroborating the extensive data of Konttinen [14] on plasma clot lysis rates. Whether SK binds to fibrin in plasma as SK alone or as the SK-plgn activator has not been shown for the above experiments but the latter would be suggested by the data of Chesterman et al [4], The fibrin clots used in this study were made from plasma and contained incorporated plasminogen which would allow the formation of activator in the presence of SK. Again the seeming poor lysis rates of washed plasma fibrin clots in SK solution ( fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The relative influences of the binding of plasminogen (16) and SK-plgn activator [4] during currently used thrombolytic regimens is unclear. Most of these regimens are accompanied by frequent bleeding episodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Various Combinations of Plasminogen and Streptokinase on Fibrinolysis

Gaffney

Joe

Rowe

et al. 1981

Pathophysiol Haemos Thromb

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The lysis rates of ¹²⁵I cross-linked plasma fibrin clots have been investigated following immersion in various buffered concentrations of streptokinase (SK), prior to (called the SK → plgn regimen) and after (called the plgn → SK regimen) enrichment with 2.0 U of plasminogen (plgn, lys-type). The SK → plgn regimen usually achieved total clot lysis with the most active lysis occurring following enrichment in 125–130 IU SK solutions, while only partial lysis was observed during the plgn → SK procedure. The effect of SK concentration was marked during the SK –plgn regimen while, during the plgn → SK treatment, its lytic rate effect never exceeded a factor of 2.0 over a wide concentration range of SK (8.0–20,000 IU/ml. The availability of plasminogen to perfuse the activator-rich clot seemed to be the prevailing influence on clot lysis and lysis of clots in plasma was inhibited by serum inhibitors, SK antibodies and plasma fibrinogen.

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“…The mechanism by which streptokinase dissolves intracoronary thrombi has recently been suggested (29). Under in-vivo conditions, a stable complex of canine plasminogen activator and fibrinogen occurs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thrombolytic effects of intracoronary streptokinase on canine coronary artery thrombosis

1984

Basic Res Cardiol

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The thrombolytic and hemodynamic properties of intracoronary streptokinase (SK) application were studied in an in-vivo canine model with left circumflex coronary artery thrombosis, initiated by electrical stimulation (150 microA, DC for 6 h) of the artery's intima via an implanted silver wire. In pentobarbital-anesthetized, open-chest dogs acute myocardial ischemia was determined by a dehydrogenase-dependent staining of the coronary artery perfusion area. Thrombus weight was determined post-mortem. Saline-treated control animals developed coronary thrombosis after 3.1 +/- 0.4 h of stimulation. Thrombus weight was 64 +/- 3.1 mg. Acute infarct volume was 32 +/- 3.1% of total left ventricle, and 53 +/- 6.2% of the coronary artery risk region for infarction. At occlusive thrombosis, blood pressure, ventricular pressure and the LV dP/dtmax fell significantly, whereas heart rate and the end-diastolic filling pressure increased. Severe ST-segment elevation and loss of R wave voltage indicated myocardial ischemia. At 20 min into thrombotic vessel occlusion, 2,000 IU/min SK were infused by way of a Sones-catheter advanced to the thrombus. Coronary thrombosis consistently lysed after 12 +/- 0.7 min of SK infusion, and coronary blood flow as well as hemodynamics were restored. Only minor acute infarction was found indicating viability of ischemic jeopardized myocardium. In another group, the continuous SK-infusion (20 IU/kg/min) concomitant with electrical vessel stimulation prevented coronary thrombosis and acute ischemia, and no significant hemodynamic alterations were noted. These results indicate that intracoronary SK-infusion can lyse acute thrombosis as sequel of electrical stimulation. This prevents development of acute myocardial infarction. Continuous SK-infusion can completely prevent coronary thrombosis in response to intimal injury.

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The formation of a fibrinogen-activator complex by the action of streptokinase

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Enhancement of the streptokinase-catalyzed activation of human plasminogen by human fibrinogen and its plasminolysis products

Enhancement of the streptokinase-catalyzed activation of human plasminogen by human fibrinogen and its plasminolysis products

The Influence of Various Combinations of Plasminogen and Streptokinase on Fibrinolysis

Thrombolytic effects of intracoronary streptokinase on canine coronary artery thrombosis

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