The formation of a camalexin-biosynthetic metabolon

Mucha, Stefanie; Heinzlmeir, S.; Kriechbaumer, Verena; Strickland, Benjamin A.; Kirchhelle, Charlotte; Choudhary, Manisha; Kowalski, Natalie; Eichmann, Ruth; Hückelhoven, Ralph; Grill, Erwin; Küster, Bernhard; Glawischnig, Erich

doi:10.1105/tpc.19.00403

Cited by 43 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…Besides SA, camalexin is also involved in regulating the defense response of plants. One of cytochrome P450 enzymes, CYP71A12 is an important component in the biosynthetic pathway of camalexin and related metabolites (Mucha et al, 2019). Pathogen infection can induce the expression of CYP71A12 , which leads to dehydration of IAOx to form indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) during the biosynthesis of camalexin (Nafisi et al, 2007; Muller et al, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Dynamic Molecular Profiles of Stomatal Lineage Cell Development by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing

Liu

Zhou

Guo

et al. 2020

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30The regulation of stomatal lineage cell development has been extensively investigated. 31 However a comprehensive characterization of this biological process based on 32 single-cell transcriptome analysis has not yet been reported. Here, we performed 33 RNA-seq on over 12,844 individual cells from the cotyledons of five-day-old 34 Arabidopsis seedlings. We identified 11 cell clusters corresponding mostly to cells at 35 specific stomatal developmental stages with a series of new marker genes. 36 Comparative analysis of genes with the highest variable expression in these cell 37 clusters revealed three transcriptional networks that regulate the development of 38 mesophyll and guard cells, as well as the differentiation from protodermal to guard 39 mother cells. We investigated the developmental dynamics of marker genes via 40 pseudo-time analysis which revealed potential interactions between them. The 41 identification of several novel marker genes suggests new regulatory mechanisms 42 during development of stomatal cell lineage. 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 3 / 37 53 54 55 75 MacAlister et al., 2007; Pillitteri et al., 2007). To specify each cell state differentiation, 76 SPCH, MUTE, and FAMA form heterodimers with two paralogous bHLH-leucine 77 zipper (bHLH-LZ) transcription factors, SCREAM (SCRM) and SCRM2 (Kanaoka et 78 al., 2008). In addition, two partially redundant R2R3 MYB transcription factors, 79 FOUR LIPS (FLP) and MYB88, control stomatal terminal differentiation 80 independently of FAMA (GMC to GCs) (Lai et al., 2005; Ohashi-Ito and Bergmann, 81 2006). Two secreted cysteine-rich peptides, EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR1 82 4 / 37 (EPF1) and EPF2, are expressed at later and earlier stages of stomatal development, 83 respectively. These peptides are perceived by the cell-surface receptors, ERECTA 84 (ER)-family leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs), ER-LIKE1 (ERL1) and 85 ERL2, resulting in inhibition of stomatal development (Shpak et al., 2005; Hara et al., 86 2007; Hunt and Gray, 2009b; Lee et al., 2012). The receptor-like protein TOO 87 MANY MOUTHS (TMM) modulates the signaling strength of ER-family receptor 88kinases in a domain-specific manner (Nadeau and Sack, 2002; Lee et al., 2012). 89 Genetic evidence suggests that these signals are mediated via a mitogen-activated 90 protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, which eventually downregulates the transcription 91 factors responsible for initiating stomatal lineage via direct phosphorylation 92 (Bergmann et al., 2004; Lampard et al., 2008; Lampard et al., 2009; Kim et al., 2012). 93 Stomagen (also known as EPF-LIKE9) peptide promotes stomatal development by 94 competing with EPF2 for binding to ER (Sugano et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2014; 95 Hronkova et al., 2015). One homeodomain-leucine zipper IV (HD-ZIP IV) protein, 96 HOMEODOMAIN GLABROUS2 (HDG2), acts as a key epidermal component 97 promoting stomatal differentiation (Peterson et al., 2013). It is highly expressed in 98 meristemoids, and a hdg2 mutant exhibits delayed meristemoid-to-GM...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Dynamic Molecular Profiles of Stomatal Lineage Cell Development by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing

Liu

Zhou

Guo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Evidence is also accumulating concerning the significance of quaternary structure and protein–protein interactions. The participation of PR10/Bet v1‐like proteins in metabolons and other protein assemblies, such as those demonstrated for dhurrin and camalexin biosynthesis, is expected to be an important element of specialized metabolism regulation [155,156] …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PR10/Bet v1‐like Proteins as Novel Contributors to Plant Biochemical Diversity

et al. 2020

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Pathogenesis‐related (PR) proteins constitute a broad class of plant proteins with analogues found throughout nature from bacteria to higher eukaryotes. PR proteins were first noted in plants as part of the hypersensitive response, but have since been assigned an array of biological roles. The PR10/Bet v1‐like proteins are a subset of PR proteins characterized by an ability to bind a wide range of lipophilic ligands, uniquely positioning them as contributors to specialized biosynthetic pathways. PR10/Bet v1‐like proteins participate in the production of plant alkaloids and phenolics including flavonoids, both as general binding proteins and in special cases as catalysts. Owing initially to the perceived allergenic properties of PR10/Bet v1‐like proteins, many were studied at the structural level to elucidate the basis for ligand binding. These studies provided a foundation for more recent efforts to understand higher‐level structural order and how PR10/Bet v1‐like proteins catalyse key reactions in plant pathways. Synthetic biology aimed at reconstituting plant‐specialized metabolism in microorganisms uses knowledge of these proteins to fine‐tune performance in new systems.

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“…With one notable exception, an induction of CYP71A13 in the cyp71a12 background, the level of induction of the genes by B. glumae PG1 was attenuated in the mutants. Since the enzymes of camalexin synthesis form a metabolon (Mucha et al, 2019) this might be a mechanism to prevent accumulation of proteins that cannot be part of this structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoot-root interaction in control of camalexin exudation in Arabidopsis

Kopřivová

Volz

2020

Preprint

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Plants exude secondary metabolites from the roots to shape the composition and function of their microbiome. Many of these compounds are known for their anti-microbial activity and are part of the plant immunity, such as the indole-derived phytoalexin camalexin. Here we studied the dynamics of camalexin synthesis and exudation upon induction of Arabidopsis thaliana with a plant growth promotion bacteria Pseudomonas sp. CH267 or a bacterial pathogen Burkholderia glumae PG1. We show that while the camalexin accumulation and exudation is more rapidly but transiently induced upon interaction with the growth promoting strain, the pathogen induces a higher and more stable camalexin levels. The concentration of camalexin in shoots, roots and exudates is well correlated, triggering a question on the origin of the exuded camalexin. By combination of experiments with cut shoots and roots and grafting of wild type plant with mutants in camalexin synthesis we showed that while camalexin can be produced and released by both organs, in intact plant the exuded camalexin originates in the shoots. We show that camalexin synthesis in response to B. glumae PG1 is dependent on cooperation of four CYP71 genes and a loss of function of any of them reduces camalexin synthesis. In conclusion, camalexin synthesis seems to be controlled on a whole plant level and coordinated between shoots and roots.

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The formation of a camalexin-biosynthetic metabolon

Cited by 43 publications

References 78 publications

Global Dynamic Molecular Profiles of Stomatal Lineage Cell Development by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing

Global Dynamic Molecular Profiles of Stomatal Lineage Cell Development by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing

PR10/Bet v1‐like Proteins as Novel Contributors to Plant Biochemical Diversity

Shoot-root interaction in control of camalexin exudation in Arabidopsis

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