The formation mechanisms of turbidity maximum in the Pearl River estuary, China

Wai, Onyx W. H.; Wang, C.H.; Li, Y.S.; Li, X.D.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.08.019

Cited by 84 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…On the other hand, the locations of hotspots were in good agreement with the locations of turbidity maximum identified by Wai et al (2004). These results indicated that fine particles might be a major carrier for transporting trace metals from the upstream source area to the coastal zone.…”

Section: Physical Transportation Of Trace Metalssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The sediment transported into the PRE is mainly accumulated from the four river outlets (Hu Men, Jiao Men, Hongqi Men, and Heng Men). The distribution of grain size is controlled by the physical transportation of sediment, including sediment aggregation and deposition, gravitational circulation, tidal pumping, and tidal trapping (Grabemann et al, 1997;Mitchell et al, 1998;Wai et al, 2004). Sediment aggregation and deposition are influenced by current velocity, salinity, and suspended particulate matter in the water column.…”

Section: Physical Transportation Of Trace Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trace metal distribution in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary and the surrounding coastal area, South China

Zhang

et al. 2007

Environmental Pollution

445

149

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In the present study, surface sediments and sediment cores were collected at the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and its surrounding coastal area. The samples were analysed for total metal concentrations, metal concentrations in the five operationally defined chemical fractions, and Pb isotopic compositions. The concentrations of Co, Cr, Pb, and Zn of the sediments in the PRE were about twice of those at the adjacent coastal area, while the Cu concentrations of the PRE sediments were four times higher than the sediments at the coastal area. The distribution of Cu, Cr, Pb, and Zn demonstrated a typical diffusion pattern from the land to the direction of the sea. Two hotspots of trace metal contamination were located at the mixed zone between freshwater and marine waters. The distribution of trace metals in sediments showed that the major sources of metal contaminants were probably from the discharges of sewage and other outlets in the west bank of the estuary. The enrichment of metal in the sediments could be attributed to the deposition of the dissolved and particulate trace metals in the water column at the estuarine area. The similar Pb isotopic signatures of the sediments at the PRE and its surrounding coastal area offered strong evidence that the This is the Pre-Published Version.

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Section: Physical Transportation Of Trace Metalssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Physical Transportation Of Trace Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace metal distribution in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary and the surrounding coastal area, South China

Zhang

et al. 2007

Environmental Pollution

445

149

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“…The formation of the TMZ is generally attributed to gravitational circulation, tidal trapping, and sediment resuspension (Wai et al, 2004). TMZ has been observed and studied in many estuaries, including Gironde Estuary in France (Allen et al, 1977), Chesapeake Bay in USA (Sanford et al, 2001), St. Lawrence Estuary in Canada (Hamblin, 1989), Fly River Estuary in Papua New Guinea (Wolanski et al, 1995), Tamar Estuary in England (Uncles and Stephens, 1993), and Changjiang Estuary in China (Shen et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PRE has a high loading of anthropogenic nutrients from activities in agriculture, fish dike farming and sewage effluents due to the high population and economic development in Pearl River delta region (Yin, 2002;Huang et al, 2003) The TMZ in the PRE is well developed and is primarily characterized by a high TSS compared with adjacent waters. Previous studies on TMZ in the PRE only focus on their dynamic mechanism (Wai et al, 2004). However, little attention has been paid to biogeochemical processes in the TMZ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between nutrients and plankton biomass in the turbidity maximum zone of the Pearl River Estuary

Huang

et al. 2017

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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“…The additional effects of river discharge, waves, and biota make this process quite complex. Examples can be found in many estuaries, such as the Seine Estuary (Le Hir et al 2001), the Tamar Estuary (Tattersall et al 2003), the Pearl River Estuary (Wai et al 2004), the Gironde Estuary Doxaran et al 2009), and the San Francisco Bay (Schoellhamer 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroflocs, fine-grained sediment transports, and their longitudinal variations in the Ems Estuary

Leussen

2011

Ocean Dynamics

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Field measurements have been carried out to obtain more quantitative knowledge on the longitudinal distribution of the fine-grained sediment dynamics in the Ems Estuary. Both the short-term (time scale < tidal period) and the long-term (tidally averaged) fine-grained sediment transports have been investigated. It is shown that the shortterm erosion/sedimentation cycles are most characteristic and are the building blocks for the ultimate long-term transports. Herein, the macroflocs play a key role. The macroflocs had sizes in the range of 200 to 700 μm, sometimes more than 1 mm, and survived high current velocities. The settling velocities were in the range of 0.5 to 8 mm/s. Turbulence intensities and suspended sediment concentration are of utmost importance for the settling properties of the sediment, but the "flocculation ability" of the suspended sediment is shown to be of equal importance. The suspended sediment concentration is only important at low levels of turbulence. At high levels of turbulence, the limiting properties of turbulence dominate. It is demonstrated that the surface properties of the suspended sediment particles are of prime importance for the flocculation ability of the water/sediment mixture, as do the sizes of the resuspended microflocs. Special attention is given to the longitudinal distribution of the sizes and settling properties of the macroflocs as well as of the sediment transports. The flocculation ability was shown to vary almost one order of magnitude along the estuary. These higher flocculation abilities in the direction of higher salinities are responsible for the increase of the sizes of the macroflocs in the seaward direction. Therefore, notwithstanding the low suspended sediment concentrations at the seaward boundary of the Ems Estuary, large macroflocs and corresponding high settling velocities were observed in this area. It explains that, in the Ems Estuary, no distinct effect was determined of the suspended sediment concentration on the settling properties of the suspended macroflocs.

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The formation mechanisms of turbidity maximum in the Pearl River estuary, China

Cited by 84 publications

References 6 publications

Trace metal distribution in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary and the surrounding coastal area, South China

Trace metal distribution in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary and the surrounding coastal area, South China

Relationship between nutrients and plankton biomass in the turbidity maximum zone of the Pearl River Estuary

Macroflocs, fine-grained sediment transports, and their longitudinal variations in the Ems Estuary

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