The Forensic Determination of Drugs of Abuse Using Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection: A Review

Selavka, Carl M.; Krull, Ira S.

doi:10.1080/01483918708066723

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The ability of aliphatic amines to be electrochemically oxidized in basic solution led to the development of chromatographic methods of wide applicability. [6,19] Moreover, due to its high sensitivity and specificity, in a review of different detectors the use of HPLC with electrochemical detection was recommended for the determination of morphine in biological fluids. [20] Notwithstanding this wide application of electrochemical methods to the determination of morphine, the first detailed study of its voltammetric behavior only appeared in the beginning of the 1990s.…”

Section: Morphinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among electrochemical methods, oxidative detection has been used much more extensively than reductive approaches. [6] The primary focus of this review will be the analytical use of electrochemical methods, for the study and quantification of the opiates. Since recent reviews have been published dealing with polarographic (reductive) methods for study of some alkaloids of the morphine series, [7,8] special emphasis will be given to oxidative detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Analysis of Opiates—An Overview

Garrido¹,

Delerue–Matos²,

Borges

et al. 2004

Analytical Letters

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The analysis of opiates is of vital interest in drug abuse monitoring and research. This review presents a general overview of the electrochemical methods used for detection and quantification of opiates in a variety of matrices. Emphasis has been placed on the voltammetric methods used for study and determination of morphine, codeine, and heroin. Specific issues that need to be solved and better explained as well as future trends in the use of electrochemical methods in the examination of opiates are also discussed.

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Section: Morphinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Analysis of Opiates—An Overview

Garrido¹,

Delerue–Matos²,

Borges

et al. 2004

Analytical Letters

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“…Some recent and informative reviews include those by Radzik and Lunte (1989), Horvai and Pungor (1989), Kissinger (1989), Selavka and Krull (1987), and Johnson et al (1986). A book edited by Parvez et al (1987) covers mostly medical applications of electrochemical detection.…”

Section: Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radzik (1984) Radzik and Lunte (1989); Jacobs and Kissinger (1982) Kim (1989) Radzik and Lunte (1989); Munoz et al (1989); Kissinger (1989); Gunasingham and Fleet (1989); Ehrenström (1988); Gunasingham (1988); Parvez et al (1987); Selavka and Krull (1987); Johnson et al (1986) Rocklin and Johnson (1983) Radzik and Lunte (1989) Han et al (1987) Radzik and Lunte (1989); Horvai and Pungor (1989) Curry et al (1982) Kim (1990) Radzik and Lunte (1989); Allison and Shoup (1983) Radzik and Lunte (1989) Pt G.C.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Detection

Rocklin¹

1993

A Practical Guide to HPLC Detection

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“…Porém, mesmo assim, estes equipamentos são preferencialmente utilizados por laboratórios da WADA, da Polícia Civil e Polícia Federal. Neste contexto, pesquisas acerca de métodos mais simples, de baixo custo e em com características portáteis são de grande interesse [4,91,92,104,105].…”

Section: 6cocaína (Coc)unclassified

Uma estratégia simples para melhorar a seletividade de métodos amperométricos de análise: determinação de cafeína e cocaína em amostras complexas

Ramos¹

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In this work, a simple procedure was proposed to improve the selectivity of amperometric methods of analysis. Basically, the proposal consists in the application of two sequential potential pulses (P1 and P2) and the use of the current difference detected between both potentials (IP1 -IP2). The potential of the proposed strategy was evaluated by determining caffeine in different samples (drugs, supplements, soft drinks, energy drinks and synthetic urine) and cocaine in human saliva using Batch Injection Analysis (BIA) with amperometric detection and boron-doped diamond (BDD) as the working electrode. Although the two studied compounds (caffeine and cocaine) are electroactive at potentials above +1 V, the selective determination of the two compounds was possible in complex samples (presence of electroactive interferents) after simple sample dilution in supporting electrolyte. In the determination of caffeine and cocaine, the optimized potential pulses were +1.40 V and +1.55 V (Icaffeine = I+1.55 V -I+1.40 V) and +1.80 V and +1 .90 V (Icocaine = I+1.90 V -I+1.80 V), respectively. In the determination of caffeine in food samples and pharmaceutical formulations, results statistically similar to those obtained by capillary electrophoresis were achieved. Additionally, satisfactory recovery values were obtained with synthetic urine (between 108 and 109%) and human saliva (between 90 and 120 %) samples spiked caffeine and cocaine, respectively. The analyzes were possible using multiple pulse amperometry and the injection of a single aliquot of sample or using conventional amperometry with the application of two sequential potential pulses and the injection of two sample aliquots. The developed method in this work proved to be a promising tool for portable applications (determination of a single compound) in different areas such as forensic investigations, sports anti-doping tests and pharmaceutical laboratory analyses.

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The Forensic Determination of Drugs of Abuse Using Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection: A Review

Cited by 24 publications

References 41 publications

Electrochemical Analysis of Opiates—An Overview

Electrochemical Analysis of Opiates—An Overview

Electrochemical Detection

Uma estratégia simples para melhorar a seletividade de métodos amperométricos de análise: determinação de cafeína e cocaína em amostras complexas

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