The force of attraction between two solids with different temperatures

Dorofeyev, Illarion

doi:10.1088/0305-4470/31/19/005

Cited by 34 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…For determining the SPD of the spatial derivatives of the field we need the electromagnetic losses of multipoles. We have done it as well as in [5,6], but in this case, we will find the losses in the half-space vestured by the film. Using the results of Appendix A and B, which are substituted into (7) we obtain the related spectral power densities.…”

Section: Spectral Power Densities Of Fields and Their Spatial Derivatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The problem is to find a regular electromagnetic field in all three domains. Peculiarities of calculations are described in [5,6]. We seek the Hertz vector Z in the transparent matter…”

Section: A Calculation Of Regular Multipole-like Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calculations of electromagnetic losses were done as well as in [4][5][6]. We seek any losses by integrating over the Pointing vector all along the surface z = 0 in the cylindrical coordinate system…”

Section: B Calculation Of Electromagnetic Loss Induced By the Multipomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knowledge of the Hertz vector gives the electromagnetic fields created by multipole-like sources into all domains [5,6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectral composition of electromagnetic fluctuations induced by a lossy layered system

2003

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We calculate the spectral characteristics of fluctuating electromagnetic fields generated by a half-space covered with a film of an arbitrary thickness. Materials of the half-space and the film are described by different complex permittivities. Expressions for spectral power densities of fluctuating fields and all spatial derivatives expressed via Fresnel coefficients for "p" and "s" waves are derived. Various limiting cases for propagating and evanescent waves in cases of different film thickness are considered. Possible contributions to spectral power densities from interface excitations and wave-guide modes are discussed by analyzing the Fresnel factors in the expressions. Using the results for spatial derivatives a closed analytical expression for a multipolar force acting on a small particle near a half-space is found for multipoles of all orders. The case for a dipole interaction follows directly from a general solution.

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Section: Spectral Power Densities Of Fields and Their Spatial Derivatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The problem is to find a regular electromagnetic field in all three domains. Peculiarities of calculations are described in [5,6]. We seek the Hertz vector Z in the transparent matter…”

Section: A Calculation Of Regular Multipole-like Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Calculation Of Electromagnetic Loss Induced By the Multipomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knowledge of the Hertz vector gives the electromagnetic fields created by multipole-like sources into all domains [5,6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectral composition of electromagnetic fluctuations induced by a lossy layered system

2003

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“…(9) Equation (9), previously obtained in [15], is not however valid if the two materials are different. This is in disagreement with the results of [16], where (9) was found to be valid in general [17].…”

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confidence: 99%

Casimir-Lifshitz Force Out of Thermal Equilibrium and Asymptotic Nonadditivity

et al. 2006

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We investigate the force acting between two parallel plates held at different temperatures. The force reproduces, as limiting cases, the well known Casimir-Lifshitz surface-surface force at thermal equilibrium and the surface-atom force out of thermal equilibrium recently derived by M. Antezza et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 113202 (2005). The asymptotic behavior of the force at large distances is explicitly discussed. In particular when one of the two bodies is a rarefied gas the force is not additive, being proportional to the square root of the density. Nontrivial cross-over regions at large distances are also identified.PACS numbers: 34.50. Dy, 42.50.Vk, 42.50.Nn The study of the thermal fluctuations of the electromagnetic field and of their effects on the force acting on surfaces and atoms is a longstanding subject of theoretical research starting from the seminal Lifshitz paper [1] (see also [2]). The elusive nature of the thermal component of the force follows from the fact that thermal effects becomes visible only at large distances, of the order of the photon thermal wave length λ T = c/k B T , where they prevail on the Casimir force originating from the T = 0 quantum fluctuations of the field. At room temperature the thermal wave length corresponds to about 7 microns, a distance at which both the Casimir and the thermal forces are very weak and difficult to reveal experimentally. The existence of thermal effects has been experimentally demonstrated only recently by the JILA experiment [3], by measuring the frequency shift of the center of mass motion of an ultracold atomic cloud located at a distance of a few microns from a dielectric substrate [4,5].Thermal fluctuations determine the asymptotic, large distance behavior of the electromagnetic pressure which takes the Lifshitz form [2]in the case of two parallel surfaces separated by a distance l. Here ε 10 = ε 1 (0) and ε 20 = ε 2 (0) are the static dielectric constants of the two materials and T is the temperature of the system. When the system is not in thermal equilibrium the pressure is expected to exhibit a different behavior. In particular in recent papers the Trento team [6,7,8] has shown that the surface-atom force out of thermal equilibrium exhibits a new asymptotic behavior at large distances. With respect to that at equilibrium, the new force exhibits a slower dependence on the distance and a stronger dependence on the temperature, making its experimental detection more accessible as demonstrated in the experiment of [3].The purpose of the present work is to investigate the behavior of the force out of thermal equilibrium in the case of two parallel surfaces. The general goal is to better understand the role of thermal fluctuations which is not fully exploited at thermal equilibrium, being masked by peculiar cancellation effects between propagating and evanescent waves [6,7]. In particular we address the following questions: a) how is the Lifshitz law -and its asymptotic limit (1) Let us consider two parallel dielectric half spaces locally ...

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Experimental and Theoretical Aspects of the Modern Nanotribology

Dedkov

2000

phys. stat. sol. (a)

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A review is given of the present day problems related with experimental and theoretical studies in nanotribology, a new apatterning branch of physics, which pertains to investigations of the atomicscale friction, adhesion, wear and lubrication. When analysing the experimental results a major point of interest is related with ªdryº adhesion friction between the tip of an atomic force microscope and an atomically smooth surface. However, many other physical effects are considered, too, such as chemical ones, triboemission of particles, conduction in metallic nanocontacts, etc. For the first time, some new results in theoretical elaborations of adhesional (static) and dynamical (velocity-proportional) friction are discussed, as well as some results obtained using the computer simulations. A brief discussion of nanostructural friction measured with the quartz crystal microbalance technique and the surface-force apparatus is also given.

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The force of attraction between two solids with different temperatures

Cited by 34 publications

References 5 publications

Spectral composition of electromagnetic fluctuations induced by a lossy layered system

Spectral composition of electromagnetic fluctuations induced by a lossy layered system

Casimir-Lifshitz Force Out of Thermal Equilibrium and Asymptotic Nonadditivity

Experimental and Theoretical Aspects of the Modern Nanotribology

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