The footprint ratio as a predictor of pes planus: A study of indigenous Malawians

Igbigbi, Patrick Sunday; Msamati, BC

doi:10.1016/s1067-2516(02)80086-2

Cited by 43 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Though there are various methods to evaluate the arch of the foot (direct, arthropometric and radiographic; indirect, footprint and photographic analysis) there have been many reports published concerning the use of footprint analysis for population screening and to classify flatfeet [14,[22][23][24][25]. Footprint analysis is easy to perform, readily available, economical, and reliably indicates the shape of the MLA [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of flexible flatfoot in Taiwanese school-aged children in relation to obesity, gender, and age

et al. 2009

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The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of flexible flatfoot in elementary school children in Taiwan and evaluate the relationship between flatfoot and obesity, gender, and age. A sample of 2,083 children, between 7 and 12 years of age from public elementary schools in northern Taiwan was analyzed. Children were stratified into groups according to age: 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 years old. Demographic information was obtained, and the presence of flatfoot determined by footprint analysis and grading according to Denis flatfoot staging. A total of 1,222 (59%) children were documented with flatfoot. The incidence percentages of flatfoot were: 67% of males, 49% of females, and 75%, 65%, 57%, and 48% of obese, overweight, normal weight, and underweight children, respectively. A preponderance of flatfoot was observed among 8-year-olds. Multivariate analyses indicated that 8- and 9-year-olds were 1.52 and 0.72 times more likely to have flatfoot than 7-year-olds. Males were twice as likely to have flatfoot as females. Children who were obese or overweight were 2.66 and 1.39 times more likely to have flatfoot than those of average weight. The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of flexible flatfoot is highest among males who are obese and overweight, particularly in the age range of 7 to 8 years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of flexible flatfoot in Taiwanese school-aged children in relation to obesity, gender, and age

et al. 2009

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“…The reliability and validity of the footprint method to represent the severity of flatfoot have been evaluated in various research studies. [33][34][35][36][37][38] It has been shown that the indexes obtained using this method have a high degree of reliability. 33,[35][36][37]39 In the next stage, the participants were asked to stand on the force plate for a period of 1 minute (they were asked to repeat the tests 5 times.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Standing Stability in Individuals With Flatfeet

Tahmasebi

Karimi

Satvati

et al. 2014

Foot & Ankle Specialist

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“…A range of factors, including age, 8,32 gender, 34 ethnicity, 11 and the wearing of footwear 27 are thought to influence the structure of the arch. Arch height is also thought to have considerable functional significance, as several studies have reported that a range of arch height measurements influence the motion of the lower limb, 20,21 affect balance ability, 10 and affect predisposition to overuse injuries.…”

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confidence: 99%

Validity of 3 Clinical Techniques for the Measurement of Static Foot Posture in Older People

Menz¹,

Munteanu²

2005

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

173

139

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Study Design: Concurrent validity study. Objectives: To determine the validity of 3 clinical methods for assessing static foot posture in older people. Background: Variations in the structure of the medial longitudinal arch are thought to influence lower extremity function; however, the validity of clinical measurements has not been fully established. Methods and Measures:Clinical measurements of arch index (AI), navicular height (NH), and Foot Posture Index (FPI) were performed on 95 subjects (31 men and 64 women), aged 62 to 94 years (mean ± SD, 78.6 ± 6.5 years). These clinical measurements were then correlated with 3 arch-related measurements from radiographs: navicular height (NHr), calcaneal inclination angle (CIA), and calcaneal first metatarsal angle (C1MA). Results: All 3 clinical measures demonstrated significant associations with each of the radiographic parameters (P Ͻ .01). NH was highly correlated with NHr (Pearson r = 0.79), followed by C1MA (r = -0.53), and CIA (r = 0.44). The AI was highly correlated with the C1MA (r = 0.71) and CIA (r = -0.68), but only moderately correlated with NHr (r = 0.52). The FPI demonstrated weaker correlations with the radiographic parameters (NHr, r = 0.59; CIA, r = 0.36; C1MA, r = 0.42). Conclusion: Clinical measurements of AI, NH, and FPI provide valid information regarding the structure of the medial longitudinal arch; however, each test may reflect different aspects of arch structure. NH would appear to be the most useful clinical measure, as it is simple to perform and provides an accurate representation of the skeletal alignment of the medial longitudinal arch. Further refinement of the clinical measurement of NH is now required to improve its moderate intratester and intertester reliability. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2005;35:479-486.

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The footprint ratio as a predictor of pes planus: A study of indigenous Malawians

Cited by 43 publications

References 11 publications

Prevalence of flexible flatfoot in Taiwanese school-aged children in relation to obesity, gender, and age

Prevalence of flexible flatfoot in Taiwanese school-aged children in relation to obesity, gender, and age

Evaluation of Standing Stability in Individuals With Flatfeet

Validity of 3 Clinical Techniques for the Measurement of Static Foot Posture in Older People

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