The Football Players' Labor Market: Empirical Evidence From the Major European Leagues

Frick, Bernd

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9485.2007.00423.x

Cited by 201 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…In particular, since the seminal contributions of El Hodiri and Quirk (1971) and Scully (1974) the winning ratio between two teams has always been associated with the relative available talent, whose better proxy is considered, with few exemptions Nüesch (2010, 2011)], the payroll. Along these lines, Fort and Quirk (1995), Vrooman (1995), Késenne (2000), Szymanski and Késenne (2004), Smith (1997), Hall et al (2002), Burger and Walters (2003), Frick (2007), Berri and Schmidt (2010), Rodríguez et al (2013), Frick (2013) and Szymanski (2013), among the others, have employed the talent ratio to compare the competitive balance equilibria inside professional team sports leagues.…”

Section: Performance and Success In Footballmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregate wages of players and performance in Italian Serie A

2017

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Section: Performance and Success In Footballmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregate wages of players and performance in Italian Serie A

2017

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“…Third, there are non-pecuniary rewards in the form of fame and honor that probably matter a great deal to many players. 19 Our empirical analyses will focus on players who worked for clubs in the First Division well suited for our purposes, because it was the best represented national league in the 15 Mechanisms such as player drafts, free agent pools, or player trades, which are common in US major sports leagues, do not exist. 16 Each player selected for the German team was promised 250, 000 euros for winning the Euro 2008, 50, 000 euros for reaching the final eight, 100, 000 euros for the semi-finals and 150, 000 euros for getting to the final.…”

Section: Institutional Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Career Prospects and Effort Incentives: Evidence from Professional Soccer

Miklós-Thal

Ullrich

2014

SSRN Journal

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It is difficult to test the prediction that future career prospects create implicit effort incentives because researchers cannot randomly "assign" career prospects to economic agents. To overcome this challenge, we use data from professional soccer, where employees of the same club face different external career opportunities depending on their nationality. We test whether the career prospect of being selected to a Euro Cup national team affects players' pre-Cup performances, using nationals of countries that did not participate in the Euro Cup as a control group. We find that the Euro Cup career prospect has positive effects on the performances of players with intermediate chances of being selected to their national team, but negative effects on the performances of players whose selection is very probable. Our findings have implications for the incentive effects of within-firm promotions and of external career opportunities.

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“…Frick (2007) found a slight and insignificant form of wage discrimination against foreign footballers.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring human capital: Discrimination factors and group-specific performance in the football industry

Trequattrini¹,

Lardo²,

Ricci³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Bus. Manage.

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The aim of the study is to investigate whether discrimination factors exist within professional football clubs, concerning the management of their human capital, by analysing the correlation between the footballers' wages and their performance. An analysis was conducted to show that discrimination, based both on nationality and race, can affect the strategies adopted by football club managers and in the professional footballer labour market, where players are considered to be the human capital of football enterprises. The research framework consists of an analysis of the existing literature on discrimination in sports and of a quantitative analysis based on an exploratory approach, where the wage differences among Italian Serie A league footballers are compared to the performance of each group of players (organised by race or nationality). The results of the analysis of data for all Italian Serie A clubs show that discrimination (in pay) exists against Italian and white players. In contrast, when small and big clubs are considered separately, the findings relating to small clubs highlight that foreign and black players face such discrimination. The results suggest that managers of professional football clubs apply a discrimination strategy. In addition, the results provide practical implications on the types of discrimination errors that are committed by the management of big and small football clubs. Big clubs tend to overrate the contributions of foreign and/or black players compared to those of Italian and white players, while small clubs tend to overrate the contributions of Italian and white players compared to those of foreign and black players. To reduce discrimination, clubs have to correlate how much players are paid with their performance. Further research is recommended to identify the impact of wage inequality on the football labour market and on professional team management.

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The Football Players' Labor Market: Empirical Evidence From the Major European Leagues

Cited by 201 publications

References 48 publications

Aggregate wages of players and performance in Italian Serie A

Aggregate wages of players and performance in Italian Serie A

Career Prospects and Effort Incentives: Evidence from Professional Soccer

Exploring human capital: Discrimination factors and group-specific performance in the football industry

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