The fold illusion: The origins and implications of ogives on silicic lavas

Andrews, Graham; Kenderes, Stuart M.; Whittington, A. G.; Isom, Shelby; Brown, Sarah; Pettus, Holly D.; Cole, Brenna G.; Gokey, Kailee

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116643

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…classic breadcrust bombs), and also within silicic lavas, where relatively dense layers-e.g. tuffisites-can become segmented by heterogeneous vesiculation (Castro and Cashman, 1999;Andrews et al, 2021). "…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-loaf crisis: Internal breadcrust surfaces in rhyolitic pyroclasts reveal dehydration quenching

Tuffen

Farquharson

Wadsworth

et al. 2022

Geology

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Breadcrust bombs are pyroclasts displaying fractured, dense surfaces enveloping expanded interiors, and are associated with Vulcanian explosions. We document pyroclasts from the 2008–2009 CE eruption of Chaitén (Chile) that are internally as well as externally breadcrusted. The pyroclasts are cut by intersecting micrometer- to millimeter-thick tuffisites with dense glassy walls, which grade into strongly inflated pumiceous material. We find H2O diffusion gradients proximal to the breadcrusted surfaces, such that H2O is depleted from far-field magma (0.68 ± 0.04 wt%) into dense, fractured vein walls (0.2–0.3 wt%), indicating a spatial association between H2O mass transfer within the pyroclast interior and both suppressed vesiculation and breadcrusting. We experimentally confirm that diffusive H2O depletion suppresses bubble growth at shallow conduit conditions. Therefore, we interpret the breadcrust formation to be induced by H2O diffusion and the associated rise in viscosity rather than by cooling in the classical breadcrust-formation models. We posit that a “dehydration quench” is important as degassing continues to very low H2O contents in shallow-conduit magma that continues to vesiculate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-loaf crisis: Internal breadcrust surfaces in rhyolitic pyroclasts reveal dehydration quenching

Tuffen

Farquharson

Wadsworth

et al. 2022

Geology

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“…The thickness of Obsidian Ogives have often been interpreted as surface folds (Fink, 101 1980), and used to infer rheological properties of the lava based on Biot's 1961 fold theory (Leggett et al, 2020). However, a recent structural analysis of the surface of Obsidian Dome has concluded that ogives are instead fracture bound ridges that formed primarily by extension of the upper surface because of gravity spreading away from the vent (Andrews et al, 2021).…”

Section: Obsidian Dome Inyo Craters Long Valley Camentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cooling at the surface is likely non-linear due to radiative heat loss, and therefore the surface of the lava would have cooled more quickly than our estimates. Andrews et al, (2021) estimated that the surface of Obsidian Dome could have cooled in as little as 100 minutes. Leggett et al, (2020) estimated an emplacement time scale of 30 days for Obsidian Dome using flow morphology and block size distributions.…”

Section: Emplacement Timescalementioning

confidence: 99%

Emplacement styles of obsidian lavas: an integrated field and laboratory study

Kenderes¹

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Previously accepted models of emplacement dynamics of obsidian lavas have recently been called into question by observations made during the effusive eruptions of Chaiten in 2008-2009 and Cordon Caulle in 2011-2012 in Chile. The eruption of Chaiten was characterized by two distinct styles of emplacement, with the transition between the two resulting in hazardous block and ash flows and periods of dome collapse. Cordon Caulle erupted an obsidian coulee that exhibited behaviors typically associated with eruptions of more mafic lavas such as inflation and advancement via break-out lobe development. Lava emplacement styles are controlled by the physical properties of the lava which are a function of composition, temperature, and time. Banco Bonito lava, Valles caldera, NM, and Obsidian Dome, Inyo Craters, Long Valley, CA are like the lavas from Cordon Caulle and Chaiten respectively and were the subject of scientific research drilling in the 1980's, providing spatially well-constrained samples that can be used to measure residual water concentrations, thermal histories, and apparent viscosities. These three datasets are then used to infer emplacement behaviors of Banco Bonito and Obsidian Dome. Thermal histories of obsidian lavas can be constrained experimentally using relaxation geospeedometry. Previous applications of the method used up to five isobaric heat capacity measurements per quantitative cooling rate, requiring multiple days of laboratory work. We present a Monte Carlo inspired numerical solver capable of identifying comparable natural cooling rates using a single experimental measurement.

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“…Wrinkles are ubiquitous in nature, ranging from small wrinkles in blood cells , to large buckles in mountains. , Inspired by these wrinkling patterns, researchers have made great progress in constructing bionic surface wrinkles − and found important applications in the fields of microfluidic, microprinting, flexible electronic devices, superhydrophobic surface, surface adhesion enhancement, and so on. It is interesting to note that animals always have wrinkles on their joints, such as the wrinkles on the joint of the arthropods that allow the skeleton attached to the joints to move freely .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifatigue Hydration-Induced Polysaccharide Hydrogel Actuators Inspired by Crab Joint Wrinkles

Yang

Shi

Deng

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Joint wrinkles in animals facilitate frequent bending and contribute to the duration of the joint. Inspired by the morphology and function of joint wrinkles, we developed a bionic hydration-induced polymeric actuator with constructed wrinkles at the selected area. Specifically, we adopt electrical writing to create defined single and double cross-linking regions on chitosan (CS) hydrogel. The covalent cross-linking network was constructed by electrical writing-induced covalent cross-linking between CS chains and epichlorohydrin. Subsequent treatment of sodium dodecyl sulfate allows electrostatic cross-linking at the unwritten area with the simultaneous formation of surface wrinkles. The resulting single and double cross-linking hydrogel demonstrates spontaneous deformation behaviors by the influx and efflux of H 2 O to the electrostatic cross-linking domain under different ion concentrations. Importantly, the wrinkle structure endows the hydrogel with extraordinary antifatigue bending performance. By regulating the surface morphology and spatial cross-linking, we can design novel biomimetic polysaccharide hydrogel actuators with fascinating functions.

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The fold illusion: The origins and implications of ogives on silicic lavas

Cited by 13 publications

References 75 publications

Mid-loaf crisis: Internal breadcrust surfaces in rhyolitic pyroclasts reveal dehydration quenching

Mid-loaf crisis: Internal breadcrust surfaces in rhyolitic pyroclasts reveal dehydration quenching

Emplacement styles of obsidian lavas: an integrated field and laboratory study

Antifatigue Hydration-Induced Polysaccharide Hydrogel Actuators Inspired by Crab Joint Wrinkles

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