The Fog Remote Sensing and Modeling Field Project

Gültepe, Ismail; Pearson, Garry; Milbrandt, Jason A.; Hansen, Bjarne; Platnick, S.; Taylor, Peter A.; Gordon, Mark; Oakley, John P.; Cober, Stewart G.

doi:10.1175/2008bams2354.1

Cited by 223 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…for the droplet concentration at the lowest model level, tapering up to a value determined by the concentration of aerosol (Osborne et al, 2014) at 150 m. This tapering process is a pragmatic attempt at representing the fact that cloud drop numbers in fog tend to be lower than those 15 observed higher up in the atmosphere (Gultepe et al, 2009;Price, 2011), however it appears that it is failing to represent some key features. The drop numbers in fog are believed to be low because, despite the abundance of aerosol from which to form cloud droplets near the surface, the lack of any appreciable updrafts in the near surface stable boundary layer results in weak supersaturations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol-fog interaction and the transition to well-mixed radiation fog

Boutle¹,

Price²,

Kudzotsa³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. We analyse the development of a radiation fog event and its gradual transition from optically thin fog in a stable boundary layer to well-mixed optically-thick fog. Comparison of observations and a detailed large-eddy simulation demonstrate that aerosol growth and activation is the key process in determining the onset of adiabatic fog. Weak turbulence and low supersaturations lead to the growth of aerosol particles which can significantly affect the visibility, but do not significantly interact with the long-wave radiation, allowing the atmosphere to remain stable. Only when a substantial fraction of the aerosol 5 become activated into cloud droplets can the fog interact with the radiation, becoming optically thick and well-mixed. Modifications to the parametrization of cloud droplet numbers in fog, resulting in lower and more realistic concentrations, are shown to give significant improvements to an NWP model, which initially struggled to accurately simulate the transition. Finally, consequences of this work for common aerosol activation parametrizations used in climate models are discussed, demonstrating that many schemes are reliant on an artificial minimum value when activating aerosol in fog, and adjustment of this minimum 10 can significantly affect the sensitivity of the climate system to aerosol radiative forcing.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol-fog interaction and the transition to well-mixed radiation fog

Boutle¹,

Price²,

Kudzotsa³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…Nevertheless, in urban environments the relationship is not straightforward due to the number of fog favoring and limiting factors (Gultepe et al, 2007(Gultepe et al, , 2009. High number concentration of aerosols increases fog vertical extent and leads to high liquid water content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Fog in Urban Heat Island Modification in Kraków, Poland

Bokwa

Wypych

Hajto

2018

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The impact of fog on relief modified urban heat island (RMUHI) in Kraków has been presented using fog observations at 06 UTC from two meteorological stations: a rural one (Balice, B) and an urban one (Botanical Garden, BG) from the period 2006-2015. Daily UHI magnitude for the valley floor for the same period was estimated as T min BG-T min B, while for the period 2010-2015, eight daily courses of UHI were available, for the urban areas in the valley floor and 50 m above it, together with air temperature inversion data. UHI data for days with various combinations of fog occurrence and weather conditions were compared using non-parametric statistical tests: Wald-Wolfowitz test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and U Mann-Whitney test. Data of 2010-2015 were also the subject of cluster analysis (k-means method). Fog is an important factor decreasing UHI magnitude by about 1 K but mainly during weather conditions with little or no cloudiness and small wind speed or atmospheric calm, during anticyclonic synoptic situations, and only in the valley floor areas. With an increase in cloudiness and wind speed, the role of fog decreases and is similar in all parts of the city.

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“…[2,111,112]. Gultepe et al [5,113] pointed out that the total economic loss, associated with the impact of fog on all types of transportation (air, sea, land), can be comparable to those of tornadoes or, in some cases, winter storms and hurricanes. Croft [2] reported research on deadly accidents and financial losses due to fog occurrence.…”

Section: Impacts Of Fog On Aviation and Public Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fogs: Physical Basis, Characteristic Properties, and Impacts on the Environment and Human Health

Pérez-Díaz

Ivanov

Peshev

et al. 2017

Water

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This work presents a selective overview of natural fogs in terms of fog types, forms and states of occurrence, physical, micro-physical, chemical and dynamic properties, basic characterizing parameters, etc. In focus are related achievements and contributions reported mainly during the last decade and a half, as a result of both laboratory studies and field observations. Processes of homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation are analyzed in the aspects of condensation, nuclei diversity and specifics, as related to the activation, growth and deposition of fog droplets. The effect is highlighted of the water vapor's partial pressure on the surface tension of the liquid water-air interface and the freezing point of the water droplets. Some problems and aspects of fog modeling, parameterization, and forecasting are outlined and discussed on the examples of newly developed relevant 1D/3D theoretical models. Important issues of fog impacts on the air quality, ecosystems, water basins, societal life, and human health are also addressed and discussed, particularly in cases of anthropogenically modified (chemical, radioactive, etc.) fogs. In view of reducing the possible negative effects of fogs, conclusions are drawn concerning the new demands and challenges to fog characterization imposed by the changing natural and social environment and the needs for new data on and approaches to more adequate observations of fog-related events.

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The Fog Remote Sensing and Modeling Field Project

Abstract: A field project that includes surface observations, remote sensing, and forecast models provides a better understanding of fog-induced low visibility and improves the parameterization of fog microphysics.

Cited by 223 publications

References 51 publications

Aerosol-fog interaction and the transition to well-mixed radiation fog

Aerosol-fog interaction and the transition to well-mixed radiation fog

Role of Fog in Urban Heat Island Modification in Kraków, Poland

Fogs: Physical Basis, Characteristic Properties, and Impacts on the Environment and Human Health

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