The fMRI correlates of visuo-spatial abilities: sex differences and gender dysphoria

Gavazzi, Gioele; Fisher, Alessandra D.; Orsolini, Stefano; Bianchi, Andrea; Romani, Alessia; Giganti, Fiorenza; Giovannelli, Fabio; Ristori, Jiska; Mazzoli, Francesca; Maggi, Mario; Viggiano, Maria Pia; Mascalchi, Mario

doi:10.1007/s11682-022-00638-5

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…What is truly interesting, however, is what happens in the HDMS condition, in which women's performance increases in accuracy compared to the PC condition. Regardless of performance, several behavioral and neuroimaging studies have highlighted that women tend to rely more than men on working memory and cognitive control processes to perform visuospatial tasks [64][65][66][67][68]. This evidence suggests a compelling intersection between cognitive processes and gender differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How the Effect of Virtual Reality on Cognitive Functioning Is Modulated by Gender Differences

Righi,

Gavazzi,

Benedetti

et al. 2024

Bioengineering

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Virtual reality (VR) can be a promising tool to simulate reality in various settings but the real impact of this technology on the human mental system is still unclear as to how VR might (if at all) interfere with cognitive functioning. Using a computer, we can concentrate, enter a state of flow, and still maintain control over our surrounding world. Differently, VR is a very immersive experience which could be a challenge for our ability to allocate divided attention to the environment to perform executive functioning tasks. This may also have a different impact on women and men since gender differences in both executive functioning and the immersivity experience have been referred to by the literature. The present study aims to investigate cognitive multitasking performance as a function of (1) virtual reality and computer administration and (2) gender differences. To explore this issue, subjects were asked to perform simultaneous tasks (span forward and backward, logical–arithmetic reasoning, and visuospatial reasoning) in virtual reality via a head-mounted display system (HDMS) and on a personal computer (PC). Our results showed in virtual reality an overall impairment of executive functioning but a better performance of women, compared to men, in visuospatial reasoning. These findings are consistent with previous studies showing a detrimental effect of virtual reality on cognitive functioning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How the Effect of Virtual Reality on Cognitive Functioning Is Modulated by Gender Differences

Righi,

Gavazzi,

Benedetti

et al. 2024

Bioengineering

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Recently, anomic aphasia has been categorized as a logopenic symptom of Alzheimer's disease with regards to language. Recent research by Gavazzi et al [19] has shown that within efficient encoding of novel objects, there is desynchronization between networks that are involved in language and visuo-spatial abilities. Conversely, synchronization between these networks hinders successful semantic encoding.…”

Section: Human Self-awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Analysis of the Brain and Artificial Intelligence

Pedro

2023

JRS

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Many articles have expounded on and defended the potential advantages of co-robotics (cobots), robotics, AI, and quantum computers in the domains of research and development, clinics, community health and virology. Numerous trailblazers in the domains of artificial intelligence, robotics, and quantum computing have been recognised for their groundbreaking concepts and principles. Among these luminaries are Richard Feynman, Kurt Godel, John Nash, Norbert Wiener, Alan Turing, John von Neumann, Vannevar Bush, and John McCarthy. Theorems formulated by Kurt Godel were misinterpreted by researchers who erroneously equated computer and brain paradigms. Godel himself had recognised this misinterpretation. The individual's commendation of the brain's supremacy over computational systems was met with disapprobation. This article delineates the diverse array of artificial intelligence techniques, frameworks, and programming languages that are developed by humans and can be employed in tandem with contemporary computational systems. These advancements facilitate advancements in the realm of electrons and quantum mechanics. The process of evolution has resulted in the development of neurons in various animal species, which rely on the flow of electrons to carry out their biological functions. The identification of mirror neurons represented a significant shift in the paradigm of neuroscience. The proposed paradigm shift towards the 'hall of mirror neurons' represents a potentially effective approach to studying, warranting further investigation. The aforementioned concepts are instrumental in advancing the field of artificial intelligence and in furthering research on the intricacies of the human brain.

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Sex and gender correlates of sexually polymorphic cognition

Cartier,

Guérin,

Saulnier

et al. 2024

Biol Sex Differ

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Background Sexually polymorphic cognition (SPC) results from the interaction between biological (birth-assigned sex (BAS), sex hormones) and socio-cultural (gender identity, gender roles, sexual orientation) factors. The literature remains quite mixed regarding the magnitude of the effects of these variables. This project used a battery of classic cognitive tests designed to assess the influence of sex hormones on cognitive performance. At the same time, we aimed to assess the inter-related and respective effects that BAS, sex hormones, and gender-related factors have on SPC. Methods We recruited 222 adults who completed eight cognitive tasks that assessed a variety of cognitive domains during a 150-min session. Subgroups were separated based on gender identity and sexual orientation and recruited as follows: cisgender heterosexual men (n = 46), cisgender non-heterosexual men (n = 36), cisgender heterosexual women (n = 36), cisgender non-heterosexual women (n = 38), gender diverse (n = 66). Saliva samples were collected before, during, and after the test to assess testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone. Psychosocial variables were derived from self-report questionnaires. Results Cognitive performance reflects sex and gender differences that are partially consistent with the literature. Interestingly, biological factors seem to better explain differences in male-typed cognitive tasks (i.e., spatial), while psychosocial factors seem to better explain differences in female-typed cognitive tasks (i.e., verbal). Conclusion Our results establish a better comprehension of SPC over and above the effects of BAS as a binary variable. We highlight the importance of treating sex as a biological factor and gender as a socio-cultural factor together since they collectively influence SPC.

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The fMRI correlates of visuo-spatial abilities: sex differences and gender dysphoria

Cited by 4 publications

References 48 publications

How the Effect of Virtual Reality on Cognitive Functioning Is Modulated by Gender Differences

How the Effect of Virtual Reality on Cognitive Functioning Is Modulated by Gender Differences

Theoretical Analysis of the Brain and Artificial Intelligence

Sex and gender correlates of sexually polymorphic cognition

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