The fluorescence and absorption spectra of diamond in the visible region

Mani, A.

doi:10.1007/bf03173450

Cited by 33 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The best estimate of the energy and wavelength at its maximum is 2.396 eV (518 nm), which is 65 meV lower in energy than the zero-phonon line. The diffuse phononassisted peaks resolved on the long wavelength side of the 504 nm line in figure 12, on the other hand, have the spacing of about 40 meV that is a well documented feature of the H3 system (Mani 1944a;Dyer & Matthews 1957;Dean et al i960). A further distinction between these two emission systems is that whereas the H3 system (at least when associated with platelets and dislocations) saturates at high specimen current densities (as already described in §4 (a) and §4(£)) the system shown in figure 13 presented no obvious signs of saturating, even at current densities as high as 1 mA mm-2.…”

Section: (D) Regions Contiguous With External Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…( a) Lines associated with slip traces Two line emissions registered on spectra from H3 system-emitting regions of specimen GH2 appear at 2.55 eV (485 nm) and 2.30 eV (540 nm). Since the work of Mani (1944a) the latter line has been several times reported as accompanying the H3 system, for example by Dean et al (i960) in low-temperature cathodoluminescence studies. During the present observations it was often noted by visual spectroscopy when it accompanied the H3 emission in various crystals; and it sometimes appeared with sufficient strength to stand out sharply above the strong background given at room temperature by the phonon-assisted peaks of the H3 system.…”

Section: O Ther Spectral Lines With Topographically Defined Associationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Their outstanding feature was the band with zero phonon line at ca. 503 nm, an emission system first studied in detail in ultraviolet-excited fluorescence spectra of natural diamonds (Mani 1944a), and later detected in cathodolumi- nescence spectra by Dean et al (i960). All but one type of green or green-yellow luminescing feature found in the natural diamonds examined in the present work produced a band with an intensity envelope similar to that recorded from GH2, though it has not been feasible to record spectrographically the presence of the 503 nm line in each instance so far.…”

Section: R Eview Of Phenomena Observedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On topographically identifiable sources of cathodoluminescence in natural diamonds

Hanley

Kiflawi

Lang

1977

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A

133

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An extensive examination of the cathodoluminescent emissions from natural diamonds has been performed with due regard to their inhomogeneity, correlating cathodoluminescence properties point-by-point with the local crystal lattice texture and imperfection content as revealed by other topographic techniques (in particular X-ray topography). Some dozens of crystals have been examined, mainly prepared in the form of cut and polished sections but in some cases as whole stones in their natural state. The cathodoluminescence observations have been made by visual microscopy, by photomicrography, and by 'spectrum topography’ with spatial resolution down to 5 pm. Particular attention was devoted to those crystals, not uncommon, whose growth stratigraphy included 2ones of type II (ultraviolet-transmitting) diamond intercalated within regions of the more usual type la (ultraviolet-absorbing) diamond. These type II zones prove to be particularly rich in fine structure within their patterns of cathodoluminescent emission, and in the spectral variety of their emissions. Joint cathodoluminescence topographic and X-ray topographic examinations were made on all specimens. Where feasible, the specimens were also characterized by ultraviolet transmission topographs, and by topographic recording of the anomalous spike diffuse X-ray reflexions. Many cathodoluminescence emissions (including both well-known and littleknown spectral systems) were discovered to have clearly defined topographically localized sources, e.g. dislocation lines or regions which had sustained natural a-particle irradiation. Some findings among many of this nature which are set out in detail concern the emission system (known as H3) which has zero phonon line at 2.46 eV and strong coupling to phonons of 40 meV energy. Its sources include curvilinear growth bands in regions where crystal growth has been of non-faceted, ‘cuboid’ habit rather than of the usual {111} faceted habit, slip traces and individual dislocation lines in matrices of type II character, and occasionally, in similar matrices, (lOO)-orientation platelets ranging from ca. 1 pm to several tens of micrometres in diameter. The H3 system emission from the platelets is more than 90 % linearly polarized with E vector in the platelet plane. (These platelets also emit in the near infrared, at energies of ca. 1.25 eV.) Another emission system with zero phonon line at 2.46 eV, but with only weak phonon coupling (dominant phonon energy ca. 66 meV), was found solely in emissions from the natural radiation-damaged rinds of diamonds, or from patches of natural radiation damage on their external surfaces. Noteworthy is the occurrence of dislocations blue-emitting and of dislocations emitting the H3 system in close juxtaposition within type II matrices. The deep blue broad-band spectral emission from dislocations is strongly polarized with E vector parallel to the dislocation line. The H3 system emission from dislocations is unpolarized. In dislocation-rich type II crystals possessing a mosaic texture the blue emission from dislocations is the dominant source of visible cathodoluminescence at room temperature. Evidence bearing upon the relation of the visible {100} platelets to the submicrometre size {100} platelets which give rise to the anomalous ‘spike’ diffuse X-ray reflexions is examined: as far as their X-ray diffracting properties show, they are indistinguishable.

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Section: (D) Regions Contiguous With External Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: O Ther Spectral Lines With Topographically Defined Associationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: R Eview Of Phenomena Observedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On topographically identifiable sources of cathodoluminescence in natural diamonds

Hanley

Kiflawi

Lang

1977

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A

133

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“…The same N3 center is also responsible for blue long-wave ultraviolet fluorescence when seen in type Ia diamonds (Nayar, 1941;Mani, 1944;Dyer and Matthews, 1957). Based largely on observations with the prism spectroscope, Anderson (1943aAnderson ( ,b, 1962 noted the general correlation between the intensity of the 415 nm absorption band and the strength of the diamond's yellow color (also see Anderson and Payne, 1956).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Characterization and Grading of Natural-Color Yellow Diamonds

King¹,

Shigley²,

Gelb³

et al. 2005

Gems & Gemology

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oday, yellow diamonds are among the most widely encountered of the "fancy color" diamonds (figure 1). From 1998 to the present, GIA has issued grading reports on more than 100,000 yellow diamonds, by far the most common of the fancy-color diamonds submitted to our laboratory. In 2003, for example, 58% of the diamonds submitted for GIA Colored Diamond Grading Reports or Colored Diamond Identification and Origin of Color Reports were in the yellow hue. Nevertheless, these represented only 2.4% of all diamonds submitted for various grading reports that year. The dichotomy between being common among colored diamonds yet relatively rare overall has created a mix of information and sometimes erroneous assumptions about yellow diamonds. In addition, although information about their "origin of color" or unusual characteristics (see below) has been documented over the years, little has been published about their color appearance and its relationship to color grading (one exception being Hofer, 1998). This article presents data on more than 24,000 fancy-color yellow diamonds that were examined by the GIA Gem Laboratory during the years 1998 and 2003. While our main concern in this study was gathering information to characterize the gemological and spectroscopic properties of the entire population of samples, we were also interested in identifying any trends in size, color grade, or clarity grade among the yellow diamonds submitted to us that might be revealed over time. To that end, we selected a sample population from these two years separated by a five-year span. Following a brief review of the literature on the geographic sources, cause of color, and other physical properties of fancy-color yellow diamonds, this article will focus on expanding the published information about these diamonds by documenting and 88 YELLOW DIAMONDS GEMS & GEMOLOGY SUMMER 2005

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“…Fluorescence in diamonds has been studied for nearly a century (e.g., Becquerel, 1868;Mani, 1944;Shipley, 1947;Wild and Biegel, 1947;Cotty, 1956;Dyer and Matthews, 1958;Collins, 1974Collins, , 1982Fritsch and Waychunas, 1994;Eaton-Magaña et al, 2007;Holloway, 2009;Shigley and Breeding, 2013). While much is known and published about diamond defects and fluorescence, most gemologists do not have ready access to this information.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fluorescence Produced by Optical Defects in Diamond: Measurement, Characterization, and Challenges

Breeding¹

2013

G&G

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Three-dimensional fluorescence spectra were collected from both natural-color and treated diamonds with common color centers (including N3, H3, H4, 480 nm, and N-V) to characterize the fluorescence produced by each defect. Unlike individual spectra, 3D presentations of multiple spectra allow quick and simultaneous determination of the fluorescence-producing defect(s), the excitation energy that yields maximum fluorescence intensity, the variation of fluorescence with excitation, and the peak position and band shape of individual and overall fluorescence emissions. The combination of 3D fluorescence spectra from common defects and emission spectra from several standard ultraviolet light sources revealed noticeable inconsistencies in the fluorescence observed. Our data indicate that variations in UV lamp output can significantly affect the fluorescence color observed in gem diamonds. 83• UV lamp output variation can significantly affect fluorescence color and intensity observed in diamond.• A standardized UV excitation source is necessary for accurate and reproducible determination of fluorescence.

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The fluorescence and absorption spectra of diamond in the visible region

Cited by 33 publications

References 4 publications

On topographically identifiable sources of cathodoluminescence in natural diamonds

On topographically identifiable sources of cathodoluminescence in natural diamonds

Characterization and Grading of Natural-Color Yellow Diamonds

Fluorescence Produced by Optical Defects in Diamond: Measurement, Characterization, and Challenges

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