The Fluctuation of Process Gasses Especially of Carbon Monoxide during Aerobic Biostabilization of an Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste under Different Technological Regimes

Abstract

Carbon monoxide (CO) is an air pollutant commonly formed during natural and anthropogenic processes involving incomplete combustion. Much less is known about biological CO production during the decomposition of the organic fraction (OF), especially originating from municipal solid waste (MSW), e.g., during the aerobic biostabilization (AB) process. In this dataset, we summarized the temperature and the content of process gases (including rarely reported carbon monoxide, CO) generated inside full-scale AB of an organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) reactor. The objective of the study was to present the data of the fluctuation of CO content as well as that of O 2 , CO 2 , and CH 4 in process gas within the waste pile, during the AB of the OFMSW. The OFMSW was aerobically biostabilized in six reactors, in which the technological regimes of AB were dependent on process duration (42-69 days), waste mass (391.02-702.38 Mg), the intensity of waste aeration (4.4-10.7 m 3 ·Mg −1 ·h −1 ), reactor design (membrane-covered reactor or membrane-covered reactor with sidewalls) and thermal conditions in the reactor (20.2-77.0 • C). The variations in the degree of waste aeration (O 2 content), temperature, and fluctuation of CO, CO 2 , and CH 4 content during the weekly measurement intervals were summarized. Despite a high O 2 content in all reactors and stable thermal conditions, the presence of CO in process gas was observed, which suggests that ensuring optimum conditions for the process is not sufficient for CO emissions to be mitigated. In the analyzed experiment, CO concentration was highly variable over the duration of the process, ranging from a few to over 1,500 ppm. The highest concentration of CO was observed between the second and fifth weeks of the test. The reactor B2 was the source of the highest CO production and average highest temperature. This study suggests that the highest CO productions occur at the highest temperature, which is why the authors believe that CO production has thermochemical foundations.

Carbon Monoxide Formation during Aerobic Biostabilization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste: The Influence of Technical Parameters in a Full-Scale Treatment System

“…The OFMSW morphological composition had relatively low heterogeneity, confirmed by coefficients of variation not exceeding 7.8% based on raw data from Stegenta-Dąbrowska et al [23], due to being mechanically screened through a sieve. For each of the six waste piles, procedures for building, initial waste sampling, dismantling, and final sampling were similar.…”

“…Six samples of the OFMSW were taken at both the start and end of the process to characterise its initial and final properties [23]. Sampling and testing procedures, in accordance with Polish standards, included: moisture content (PN-EN 14346:2011), loss on ignition (LOI) (PN-EN 15169:2011), total organic carbon (PN-EN 15936:2013), and morphological composition (PN-93/Z-15006).…”

“…The total waste mass before and after process was calculated on industrial scales to accuracy ±0.1 Mg. The raw data are available elsewhere [23].…”

“…Procedures for gas and temperature monitoring inside the waste piles are detailed elsewhere [23]. Gas concentrations within the pile were determined using a tubular stainless-steel perforated probe, lined with a silicone tube through which gas was withdrawn into an electrochemical analyser Kigaz 300 (Kimo Instruments, Chevry-Cossigny, France).…”

“…Gas concentrations within the pile were determined using a tubular stainless-steel perforated probe, lined with a silicone tube through which gas was withdrawn into an electrochemical analyser Kigaz 300 (Kimo Instruments, Chevry-Cossigny, France). The probe unit was sealed to prevent atmospheric air entering, hence gas captured at specific points within the waste pile is directed to the analyser due to negative pressure generated by its internal pump [23]. Temperature at each gas sample point was measured by a thermocouple located at the probe tip.…”