The fluctuation and uncertainty of acoustic measurement in shallow water wave-guide

Stochastic model reduction for polynomial chaos expansion of acoustic waves using proper orthogonal decomposition

“…We therefore eliminate different sources of error in the approximations made by the numerical solver to try to quantify only the uncertainty associated with the wavenumber. Usually the acoustic signals measurements are affected by random environmental factors, which will negatively affect the certainty of the measured results [56]. Quantifying the effect of such uncertainties is important to validate the deterministic problem solution.…”