“…Between 200 and 40 000 years before present, we witness great innovations in cultural expression, and, at the same time, indicators appear which most scientists believe should be interpreted as symbolic behavior (like burials and art). Neandertals who, at the time, inhabited Europe and western and central Asia are the first humans who, we can safely say, buried their dead (see discussion in Garget 1989; Riel-Salvatore & Clark 2001; D 'Errico et al 2003;Klein 2000;Harrold 1980;Binford 1968;Leroi-Gourhan 1975;Solecki 1963Solecki , 1975Akazawa et al 1995;Ovchinnikov et al 2000;Rak et al 1994;Hovers et al 1995;Arensburg et al 1985;Hayden 1993;Valladas et al 1987). Neanderthal burials like those from La Chapelle-aux-Saints, La Ferrassie, Spy, Amud, Kebara, Dederiyeh, Teshik Tash, are only some examples of this relation to the deceased.…”