The flowering time regulator CONSTANS is recruited to the<i>FLOWERING LOCUS T</i>promoter via a unique<i>cis</i>‐element

Tiwari, Shiv B.; Shen, Yu; Chang, Han-Chang; Hou, Yanli; Harris, Amanda J.; Fong, Siu; McPartland, Megan; Hymus, Graham J.; Adam, Luc; Marion, Colleen M.; Belachew, Alemu; Repetti, Peter P.; Reuber, T. Lynne; Ratcliffe, Oliver J.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03251.x

Cited by 386 publications

(418 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, in these mutants, transcript levels of FLOWERING LOCUS T ( FT ), which is a direct target of CO and encodes a florigen protein (Tiwari et al , 2010; Andres & Coupland, 2012; Song et al , 2012), are drastically reduced. We confirmed the effects of prr5 prr7 and prr7 prr9 mutations on CO and FT mRNAs under LD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TOC1:HA was most strongly co‐immunoprecipitated with the YFP fusion protein containing the CCT domain of CO, indicating that TOC1:HA preferentially binds to this region of CO (Fig 5E). This domain was previously reported to be involved in mediating the binding of CO to DNA through its cognate binding site, defined as the CO response element (CORE) in the FT promoter (Tiwari et al , 2010). Moreover, the CCT domain was also defined as the region with which COP1 physically interacts (Jang et al , 2008; Liu et al , 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CO binds to a canonical CORE in the FT promoter, thereby enabling chromatin looping and enhanced FT transcription (Adrian et al , 2010; Tiwari et al , 2010; Song et al , 2012; Cao et al , 2014). Since prr mutations strongly reduced the levels of HA:CO protein and FT transcripts in SUC2 :: HA:CO plants, we tested whether lower HA:CO protein levels in toc1 prr5 prr7 prr9 SUC2 :: HA:CO resulted in reduced binding of HA:CO to COREs at FT .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATORs stabilize CONSTANS protein to promote flowering in response to day length

et al. 2017

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Seasonal reproduction in many organisms requires detection of day length. This is achieved by integrating information on the light environment with an internal photoperiodic time‐keeping mechanism. Arabidopsis thaliana promotes flowering in response to long days (LDs), and CONSTANS (CO) transcription factor represents a photoperiodic timer whose stability is higher when plants are exposed to light under LDs. Here, we show that PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR (PRR) proteins directly mediate this stabilization. PRRs interact with and stabilize CO at specific times during the day, thereby mediating its accumulation under LDs. PRR‐mediated stabilization increases binding of CO to the promoter of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), leading to enhanced FT transcription and early flowering under these conditions. PRRs were previously reported to contribute to timekeeping by regulating CO transcription through their roles in the circadian clock. We propose an additional role for PRRs in which they act upon CO protein to promote flowering, directly coupling information on light exposure to the timekeeper and allowing recognition of LDs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATORs stabilize CONSTANS protein to promote flowering in response to day length

et al. 2017

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“…4,5 The CONSTANS (CO) transcription factor binds to the FT promoter to directly confer its LD-specific induction. 6-8 CO represents a photoperiodic-timer gene with its transcript levels being controlled by the circadian clock. CO protein accumulates in response to exposure to light.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest similarity of PnTOC1 is to TOC1, with the pseudo-receiver and CO, COL and TOC1 (CCT) domains also being conserved in its amino acid sequence. 6,8,21–23 …”

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confidence: 99%

Differential effects of light-to-dark transitions on phase setting in circadian expression among clock-controlled genes in Pharbitis nil

Hayama

Mizoguchi

Coupland

2018

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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The circadian clock is synchronized by the day-night cycle to allow plants to anticipate daily environmental changes and to recognize annual changes in day length enabling seasonal flowering. This clock system has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis thaliana and was found to be reset by the dark to light transition at dawn. By contrast, studies on photoperiodic flowering of Pharbitis nil revealed the presence of a clock system reset by the transition from light to dark at dusk to measure the duration of the night. However, a Pharbitis photosynthetic gene was also shown to be insensitive to this dusk transition and to be set by dawn. Thus Pharbitis appeared to have two clock systems, one set by dusk that controls photoperiodic flowering and a second controlling photosynthetic gene expression similar to that of Arabidopsis. Here, we show that circadian mRNA expression of Pharbitis homologs of a series of Arabidopsis clock or clock-controlled genes are insensitive to the dusk transition. These data further define the presence in Pharbitis of a clock system that is analogous to the Arabidopsis system, which co-exists and functions with the dusk-set system dedicated to the control of photoperiodic flowering.

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Transcriptional Regulation in Plants

Macrae¹,

Long²

2012

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Transcriptional regulation encompasses all of the events leading up to a change in gene expression status, either activation or repression. Although many of the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation are shared between plants and animals, plants are distinctly different in that they rely more heavily on subtle environmental cues than animals do because they are sessile, and they continue to develop new organs post‐embryonically. These unusual features require constant refinement at the transcriptional level to implement large‐scale gene expression changes. Many signalling pathways converge at the level of transcription in plants, including hormone‐response pathways and light‐response pathways, forming complex gene regulatory networks and intricate feed‐back loops to control the growth and development of plants. Additionally, alterations to the chromatin such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation and histone modifications can also affect transcriptional regulation and even lead to the formation of epialleles and genomic imprinting. Key Concepts: Transcriptional regulation in plants relies on many of the same mechanisms as transcriptional regulation in animals but with subtle variations. Plant hormones, such as auxin, play a major instructive role in gene expression. Because plants are sessile organisms, environmental cues (e.g. quality and quantity of light) are critical for regulating transcription and affect the timing of developmental decisions. DNA and histone methylation can alter gene expression and contributes to the formation of heritable epialleles and imprinting.

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The flowering time regulator CONSTANS is recruited to theFLOWERING LOCUS Tpromoter via a uniquecis‐element

Cited by 386 publications

References 41 publications

PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATORs stabilize CONSTANS protein to promote flowering in response to day length

PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATORs stabilize CONSTANS protein to promote flowering in response to day length

Differential effects of light-to-dark transitions on phase setting in circadian expression among clock-controlled genes in Pharbitis nil

Transcriptional Regulation in Plants

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