The flow rate sensitivity to voltage across four electrospray modes

Ryan, Charles; Smith, Katherine; Stark, John

doi:10.1063/1.4866670

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(46 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In our two capillary approach, a SL capillary delivers an excess of SL that is flowing toward the waste channel. Therefore, the nanoCEasy interface operates without external pressure and active SL flow, and the electrospray liquid consumption is only determined by the SL composition and, in particular, the electrospray voltage. − Thus, we suspected three different ways to increase the compatibility of high-EOF systems with the nanoCEasy interface: (i) increasing the electrospray voltage to increase the overall electrospray liquid consumption, (ii) increasing the distance between the separation capillary and the emitter tip to enable better mixing between CE effluent and SL, and (iii) adapting the SL composition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

nanoCEasy: An Easy, Flexible, and Robust Nanoflow Sheath Liquid Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry Interface Based on 3D Printed Parts

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) is a powerful tool in various fields including proteomics, metabolomics, and biopharmaceutical and environmental analysis. Nanoflow sheath liquid (SL) CE-MS interfaces provide sensitive ionization, required in these fields, but are still limited to a few research laboratories as handling is difficult and expertise is necessary. Here, we introduce nanoCEasy, a novel nanoflow SL interface based on 3D printed parts, including our previously reported two capillary approach. The customized plug-and-play design enables the introduction of capillaries and an emitter without any fittings in less than a minute. The transparency of the polymer enables visual inspection of the liquid flow inside the interface. Robust operation was systematically demonstrated regarding the electrospray voltage, the distance between the emitter and MS orifice, the distance between the separation capillary and emitter tip, and different individual emitters of the same type. For the first time, we evaluated the influence of high electroosmotic flow (EOF) separation conditions on a nanoflow SL interface. A high flow from the separation capillary can be outbalanced by increasing the electrospray voltage, leading to an overall increased electrospray flow, which enables stable operation under high-EOF conditions. Overall, the nanoCEasy interface allows easy, sensitive, and robust coupling of CE-MS. We aspire the use of this sensitive, easy-to-use interface in large-scale studies and by nonexperts.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

nanoCEasy: An Easy, Flexible, and Robust Nanoflow Sheath Liquid Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry Interface Based on 3D Printed Parts

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Given a certain flow rate, cone-jet ejection occurs when the applied voltage reaches a corresponding critical value. Steady ejection can be maintained with the applied voltage remaining above the critical value at limited range [ 15 , 16 ]. The effects of nozzle-to-substrate distance and flow rate on the critical voltage for continuous near-field electrospray are investigated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Near-Field Electrospraying Using a Glass Capillary Nozzle

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A continuous near-field electrospray process has been developed to deposit micropatterns. Different from traditional electrospray technologies, the nozzle-to-substrate distance was shortened to less than 5 mm, and a glass capillary nozzle with a diameter of tens of microns was used. Steady and continuous ejection was achieved, and patterns with line widths of sub-100 μm were generated. The influence of experimental parameters was investigated. The critical voltage for electrospray increased with nozzle-to-substrate distance and flow rate. The line width of electrosprayed patterns increased with the increases in applied voltage, flow rate, nozzle diameter, and deposition time. This work provides a simple and potential route for on-demand deposition of micro-/nano-patterns in the electrospray process.

show abstract

“…Paper spray shares some common features with electrospray in the mechanism of ion formation (Liu et al, 2010). Previous studies on electrospray performance classified the emission of fluid droplets at the capillary needle into several modes-cone-jet, multi-jet, and rim-jet-and demonstrated an increase in the number of emission points with an increase in the electric potential (Ryan et al, 2014;Kumar et al, 2018;Zheng et al, 2018). Electrospray is also sensitive to change in the electric field of an ion source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Spray Modes and Factors Affecting the Ionization Efficiency of Paper Spray Ionization

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, we systematically evaluated the factors affecting the ionization efficiency of paper spray ionization (PSI), such as electric field, solvent supply rate, and paper thickness and hydrophobicity. The observed paper spray plume was classified into three modes: single cone-jet, multi-jet, and rim-jet modes. With the increase in the spraying voltage, the spray plume appeared in order of single cone-jet, multi-jet, and rim-jet modes. The rim-jet mode exhibited the lowest standard deviation and high ionization efficiency among the three spray modes. The main parameter determining the spray mode was the charge density of the droplets generated by paper spray, which depends on the electric field and solvent supply rate. A thicker paper reduced the electric repulsion between the jets and lowered the threshold voltage to reach the rim-jet mode. Lowering the solvent supply rate caused mode transitions from the single cone-jet to the rim-jet, possibly due to the increased droplet charge density. The hydrophobic modification on a paper substrate led to a different ionization mechanism or electrostatic spray ionization at low applied voltages.

show abstract

The flow rate sensitivity to voltage across four electrospray modes

Cited by 22 publications

References 34 publications

nanoCEasy: An Easy, Flexible, and Robust Nanoflow Sheath Liquid Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry Interface Based on 3D Printed Parts

nanoCEasy: An Easy, Flexible, and Robust Nanoflow Sheath Liquid Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry Interface Based on 3D Printed Parts

Continuous Near-Field Electrospraying Using a Glass Capillary Nozzle

Characterization of Spray Modes and Factors Affecting the Ionization Efficiency of Paper Spray Ionization

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About