“…This type of reconnection event, while the vortex ring was still in its original orientation, is consistent with the pattern IV predicted by Kiya & Ishii (1991) for an isolated vortex ring. Van and Lindstrom, Monastero & Amitay (2018) in SPIV experiments and Belanger, Zingg & Lavoie (2020) in a large-eddy simulation reported potential bifurcations of the vortex rings from moderate AR rectangular orifice synthetic jets in a cross-flow. However, the bifurcation of a vortex ring while interacting with a cross-flow boundary layer develops differently than a natural bifurcation due only to self-induced vortex deformations.…”