The flow in and around air-bubble plumes

Brevik, Iver; Kristiansen, O.

doi:10.1016/s0301-9322(01)00077-5

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The model better describes dynamics at horizontal distances comparable to 1/2 of water depth (Brevik and Kristiansen, 2002), so we can consider reliable results about 4/6m distance from the gas plume, i.e the same distance where the data and the model matched in 2002. In 2003 the flux reduced by one order of magnitude and the effects on the surrounding environment were visibly weaker.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The 'nonuniform return flow' model had been selected (Brevik and Kristiansen, 2002) to describe the two layer system we studied.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In standard processing, error velocity is a useful tool to either accept or reject ADCP data as it provides information on the horizontal homogeneity assumption required to calculate velocities (Gordon, 1996). Models of gas plumes and their interactions with water were developed theoretically and in the laboratory by McDougall (1978); Leifer et al (2000); Brevik and Kristiansen (2002); McGinnis et al (2004). Since then, they have been proposed to describe gas-water plumes from methane underwater spillages or for environmental restoration (Solomon et al, 2009;Linke et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shallow-water gaseohydrothermal plume studies after massive eruption at Panarea, Aeolian Islands, Italy

Tudino

Bortoluzzi

Aliani

2014

Journal of Marine Systems

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Marine water dynamics in the near field of a massive gas eruption near Panarea (Aeolian Islands volcanic arc, SE Tyrrhenian Sea) is described. ADCP current-meters were deployed during the paroxysmal phase in 2002 and 2003 a few meters from the degassing vent, recording day-long timeseries. Datasets were sorted to remove errors and select good quality ensembles over the entire water column. Standard deviation of error velocity was considered a proxy for inhomogeneous velocity fields over beams. Timeseries intervals had been selected when the basic ADCP assumptions were fulfilled and random errors minimized. Backscatter data were also processed to identify bubbles in the water column with the aim of locating bubble-free ensembles. Reliable timeseries are selected combining these data. Two possible scenarios have been described: firstly, a high dynamic situation with visible surface diverging rings of waves, entrainment on the lower part of the gas column, detrainment in the upper part and a stagnation line (SL) at mid depth where currents were close to zero and most of the gas bubbles spread laterally; secondly, a lower dynamic situation with water entraining into the gas plume at all depths and no surface rings of diverging waves. Reasons for these different dynamics may be ascribed to changes in gas fluxes (one order of magnitude higher in 2002). Description of SL is important to quantify its position in the water column and timing for entrainment-detrainment, and it can be measured by ADCP and calculated from models.

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Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The 'nonuniform return flow' model had been selected (Brevik and Kristiansen, 2002) to describe the two layer system we studied.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shallow-water gaseohydrothermal plume studies after massive eruption at Panarea, Aeolian Islands, Italy

Tudino

Bortoluzzi

Aliani

2014

Journal of Marine Systems

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“…The artificial mixing help producing surface currents, which protect harbor areas against high amplitude waves [14,15]; and avoids oil slicks from spreading after oil tanker accident, that consequently or protect coastal habitats against damage from oil [15,16]. Also, the artificial mixing affects the composition of the algal population, the total possible number of algae, and the algal growth rate [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the efficiency of hypolimnetic aeration process on the preservation of the thermal stratification

Mostefa

Kettab

Djehiche

et al. 2016

Desalination and Water Treatment

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A B S T R A C TLake eutrophication has proven to be a stubborn environmental problem. Depletion of dissolved oxygen (O 2 ) in the deep layer (hypolimnion) of lakes during stratification and its deleterious effect on fish stocks have been observed and analyzed for more than 100 years. Although it has taken only 60 years for humans to turn many freshwater lakes eutrophic, studies estimate that their recovery may take 1,000 years under the best circumstances. In deeper (thermally stratified) lakes, the stabilization can involve several factors, including biogeochemistry of the deep layer of water (hypolimnion), temperature of the hypolimnion, shape of the lake basin, abundance of rooted plants, and food web structure. The main purpose of this study was to show the efficiency of hypolimnetic aeration process on the preservation of the thermal stratification, the increasing the amount of oxygen dissolved, and the reduction in phosphorus in the depths of the lake. The 10.3 km 2 of the water of Hallwil Lake is an important tourist center for the Canton Aargau (Switzerland). In fact, fishing and water sports are practiced. Before its restoration in the winter of the year 1985/1986, this lake's eutrophication showed significant disruption of aquatic activities, and pollution damage due to its various uses, and thus inhibited the development of tourism in the region. In order to address the eutrophication of Hallwil Lake, the Canton Aargau put into service in the winter of 1985/1986, an installation of a aeration system in two alternate modes of aeration namely by a aeration system in winter destratification and aeration hypolimnetic in summer (air/pure oxygen). As a result, the values of the concentrations of dissolved oxygen during the aeration are as follows: [O 2 ] min ≥ 4.5 g/m 3 in the spatial variation and 5 g/m 3 in the temporal variation. Also, the heating of the hypolimnion has not attained the thermocline, and as a result, the thermal stratification is preserved.

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“…No thorough full‐scale studies have been undertaken to investigate plume‐lake interactions. While many bubble‐plume models have been developed, most were tested in laboratory settings [ McDougall , 1978; Asaeda and Imberger , 1993; Borchers et al , 1999; Brevik and Kristiansen , 2002] or in limited in situ studies [ Wüest et al , 1992; Lemckert and Imberger , 1993; Mobley , 1997; Johnson et al , 2000]. Previous models typically assume steady state conditions and do not account for short‐ and long‐term temporal and spatial alteration of the density structure or water quality with the associated change in plume dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between a bubble plume and the near field in a stratified lake

Mcginnis

Lorke

Wüest

et al. 2004

Water Resources Research

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[1] A steady state bubble-plume model is evaluated using full-scale temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen data collected in a Swiss lake. The data revealed a plume-generated near-field environment that differed significantly from the ambient far-field water column properties. A near-field torus of reduced stratification developed around the plume, the extent of which is on the same lateral scale as the horizontal dislocations generated by persistent first-mode seiching. The plume fallback water was found to penetrate much deeper than expected, thereby maintaining reduced vertical gradients in the near-field torus. The plume entrains a portion of the fallback water leading to short-circuiting, which generates a complex plume-lake interaction and reduces far-field downwelling relative to the upward plume flow. As the integral plume model incorporates the entrainment hypothesis, it is highly sensitive to the near-field environmental conditions. After identifying appropriate near-field boundary conditions the plume model predictions agree well with the field observations.

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The flow in and around air-bubble plumes

Cited by 38 publications

References 17 publications

Shallow-water gaseohydrothermal plume studies after massive eruption at Panarea, Aeolian Islands, Italy

Shallow-water gaseohydrothermal plume studies after massive eruption at Panarea, Aeolian Islands, Italy

Study of the efficiency of hypolimnetic aeration process on the preservation of the thermal stratification

Interaction between a bubble plume and the near field in a stratified lake

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