The Floral Anatomy of the Aurantioideae

Abstract

Citrinae Microcitrris Swingle (1915) Swinglea Merrill (1927) Eremocitrus Swingle (1914) Balsamocitrus Stapf (1906) Poncirus Raf* (1858) Afraegle (Sling.) Engl* (1915) Citrus L* (1753) Aeglopsis Smngle (1913.) Fortunella Smngle (1915) Feroniella Swingle (1912) Citropsis Swing* et M* Kell. (1914) Feronia Correa (1800) Aegle Correa (1798) The genera Thoreldora, Tetracronia, Lam.ofru.tex, Murraya, and Afraegle are omitted by Tanaka (1930). He considers Thoreldora and and Tetracronia to be species of Glycosmis, Lamiofrutex a species of

Phylogenetic relationship of Clauseneae (Rutaceae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA data and taxonomic implication for some major taxa

“…In this study, the subfamily Aurantioideae consists of six clades: the Micromelum clade, the Glycosmis clade, the Bergera clade, the Clausena clade, the Murraya clade, and the Citreae clade. This result is very different from the classification of Aurantioideae of Swingle (1938) and other studies (Tillson and Bamford 1938, Swingle and Reece 1967, Samuel et al 2001, Bayer et al 2009, Morton 2009). On the basis of anatomical evidence, the delimitation of two tribes, Clauseneae and Citreae, is fairly definite, but there is little evidence from the vascular system of flowers which has been suggested to serve as the basis for its subdivision into three subtribes (Tillson and Bamford 1938).…”

“…By contrast, Citreae is characterized by having leaves that are usually simple, unifoliolate or trifoliolate and with most taxa developing axillary spines and winged rachises, and having ovaries with 2-20 locules each with 1-18 ovules in each loculus. The division of Aurantioideae into two tribes by Swingle and Reece (1967) is in agreement with evidence from floral anatomy (Tillson and Bamford 1938), chemistry (Waterman 1975, Grieve andScora 1980), pollen morphology (Grant et al 2000), cytogenetic studies (Stace et al 1993, Guerra et al 2000, as well as cpDNA phylogeny (Araújo et al 2003). Still, only two species of Clauseneae (Murraya paniculata and Merrillia caloxylon) were then included in the phylogenetic reconstructions and the classification of the subfamily was therefore uncertain (Araújo et al 2003).…”

“…Dysploid reduction has occurred in Aurantioideae, from x = 18 observed in other subfamilies (Stace et al 1993). The tribe Clauseneae is clearly differentiated from Citreae by the fact that in the former group the sepal and petal midribs arise independently from the axis, while in the latter the sepal midribs have the lateral petal bundles fused to them (Tillson and Bamford 1938). The three subtribes of Clauseneae have been distinguished based on petals being valvate or imbricate, cotyledon thickness, size of flowers and fruits, number of ovaries and ovules per locule, and the appearance of exocarp and seed covering (Swingle and Reece 1967).…”

“…Bergera has also been proposed (Tanaka 1929). As a distinct genus, Micromelum is similar to Murraya in its stalk-like or cashion-shape disk, capitulate stigma and filiform filament, as well as the floral disc which derives its vascular supply from branches from the stamen trace but receives no independent traces from the axis (Tillson and Bamford 1938).…”

The Floral Morphology of Some of the Capparidaceae

“…Sections 10 or 15 microns thick were mounted serially and stained with safranin and either Delafield's haematoxylin or fast green. Small flowers from herbarium, specimens were softened and restored to their approximate size and shape by a method similar to the one used by Tillson and Bamford (1938) ; they were soaked for eighteen hours in 5 per cent ammonium hydroxide at a temperature of 550C., after which they were washed in water for six hours, being then treated like the fresh material. Large flowers with woody receptacles yielded better results when soaked for a longer period in a 2 per cent solution of potassium hydroxide.…”