The flight paths of honeybees recruited by the waggle dance

Riley, J. R.; Greggers, Uwe; Smith, A. D.; Reynolds, D. R.; Menzel, Randolf

doi:10.1038/nature03526

Cited by 375 publications

(265 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…To track entire flight paths, we then used a unique harmonic radar system (18) in the Northern Hemisphere (Klein-Lüben, Brandenburg, Germany). This technique allowed for the highresolution analysis of the bee flights to determine the effect of anesthesia on the immediate homeward vector-flight.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vector-flight for each bee was determined by two observers blinded to the treatment group using consistency of angle, together with relative speed (first high-speed component) and distance traveled (18). The straightness ratios were calculated as described previously (18). Data analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Treatment bees (6-h anesthesia, from 0900 hours) were compared with two different groups: catch and release (caught at the feeder, displaced, and released immediately) and controls (30-min anesthesia). The vector-flight for each bee was determined by two observers blinded to the treatment group using consistency of angle, together with relative speed (first high-speed component) and distance traveled (18). The straightness ratios were calculated as described previously (18).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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General anesthesia alters time perception by phase shifting the circadian clock

Cheeseman

Winnebeck

Millar

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Following general anesthesia, people are often confused about the time of day and experience sleep disruption and fatigue. It has been hypothesized that these symptoms may be caused by general anesthesia affecting the circadian clock. The circadian clock is fundamental to our well-being because it regulates almost all aspects of our daily biochemistry, physiology, and behavior. Here, we investigated the effects of the most common general anesthetic, isoflurane, on time perception and the circadian clock using the honeybee (Apis mellifera) as a model. A 6-h daytime anesthetic systematically altered the time-compensated sun compass orientation of the bees, with a mean anticlockwise shift in vanishing bearing of 87°in the Southern Hemisphere and a clockwise shift in flight direction of 58°in the Northern Hemisphere. Using the same 6-h anesthetic treatment, time-trained bees showed a delay in the start of foraging of 3.3 h, and whole-hive locomotor-activity rhythms were delayed by an average of 4.3 h. We show that these effects are all attributable to a phase delay in the core molecular clockwork. mRNA oscillations of the central clock genes cryptochrome-m and period were delayed by 4.9 and 4.3 h, respectively. However, this effect is dependent on the time of day of administration, as is common for clock effects, and nighttime anesthesia did not shift the clock. Taken together, our results suggest that general anesthesia during the day causes a persistent and marked shift of the clock effectively inducing "jet lag" and causing impaired time perception. Managing this effect in humans is likely to help expedite postoperative recovery.chronobiology | anesthesiology | post-operative sleep disruption E ver since "Ether Day" in 1846, when William Morton administered the first general anesthetic, anesthesia has been used to alleviate pain and enable a wide range of surgical procedures that were not previously possible. Today, an estimated 234 million operations requiring anesthesia occur around the world each year (1). Despite the ubiquity and importance of general anesthesia, the mechanisms by which anesthetics work to "put you to sleep" remain unclear. Recent evidence suggests that most general anesthetics act, at least in part, on the same brain centers as those involved in the control of sleep (2) and that they may "hijack" endogenous GABA-ergic (γ-aminobutyric acid) sleep-controlling pathways to exert their effects on consciousness (3). The effect of anesthesia on brain activity parallels some of the features of sleep (3). However, there are obvious differences. For example, a common patient response on emerging from anesthesia is disorientation and the feeling that time has not passed. This is in stark contrast to sleep, where one often wakes up just before the alarm sounds aware that time has passed during the night.Daily sleep timing relies on the endogenous circadian clock, which drives daily rhythms in biochemistry, physiology, and behavior. In animals, this clock is controlled by a set of conserved and well-char...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

General anesthesia alters time perception by phase shifting the circadian clock

Cheeseman

Winnebeck

Millar

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Animals communicate through a variety of evolved perceptual systems. Bees communicate the location of particularly good nectar through the waggle dance (Riley, Greggers, Smith, Reynolds, & Menzel, 2005), ants secrete scent trails to guide one another towards food (Wilson, 1962). Humans and most mammals can smell your fear (de Groot, Semin, & Smeets, 2014), hear your cries or laughter, see your facial expressions and your actions, and express tenderness and love through touch.…”

Section: From An Evolutionary Timescalementioning

confidence: 99%

Encoding Systems and Evolved Message Processing: Pictures Enable Action, Words Enable Thinking

Lang

Bailey

Connolly

2015

MaC

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This paper, based on theories of ecological perception, embodied motivated cognition, and evolutionary psychology, proposes that pictures elicit evolved biologically imperative responses more quickly and thoroughly than do words. These biologically imperative responses are directly responsible for evolved automatic reactions away from biological threats (e.g. escaping predators, avoiding disease and noxious stimuli) and towards opportunities (e.g. consuming food, approaching mates, finding shelter) in the environment. When elicited, these responses take time to occur and may delay or interfere with other types of behavior. Thus, when environmental information is presented in pictures (which should elicit larger biological responses than words) biological responses should interfere more with higher order tasks like information processing and cognitive decision-making. To test this proposition we designed an experiment in which participants performed speeded categorizations of 60 pairs of matched pleasant and unpleasant environmental opportunities and threats. They categorized the items based on their form (is this a word or a picture?) or based on how the picture made them feel (is this pleasant or unpleasant to you?). If pictures do elicit greater biologically imperative responses than their word counterparts, participants should be able to make form decisions faster than feeling decisions, especially when presented with words rather than pictures and especially when the words and pictures have less biological relevance. This main proposition was supported. Implications for this proposition in terms of communication theory are discussed.

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“…Dances represent the forager's assessment of the most direct route to the resource (6)(7)(8). Bees returning from valuable resources perform waggle dances (2), and the duration and angle of the waggling phase of the dance (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Octopamine modulates honey bee dance behavior

Barron

Maleszka

Meer³

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

140

115

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Honey bees communicate the location and desirability of valuable forage sites to their nestmates through an elaborate, symbolic ''dance language.'' The dance language is a uniquely complex communication system in invertebrates, and the neural mechanisms that generate dances are largely unknown. Here we show that treatments with controlled doses of the biogenic amine neuromodulator octopamine selectively increased the reporting of resource value in dances by forager bees. Oral and topical octopamine treatments modulated aspects of dances related to resource profitability in a dose-dependent manner. Dances for pollen and sucrose responded similarly to octopamine treatment, and these effects were eliminated by treatment with the octopamine antagonist mianserin. We propose that octopamine modulates the representation of floral rewards in dances by changing the processing of reward in the honey bee brain. Octopamine is known to modulate appetitive behavior in a range of solitary insects; the role of octopamine in dance provides an example of how neural substrates can be adapted for new behavioral innovations in the process of social evolution.Apis mellifera ͉ biogenic amine ͉ foraging ͉ reward ͉ social behavior

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The flight paths of honeybees recruited by the waggle dance

Cited by 375 publications

References 26 publications

General anesthesia alters time perception by phase shifting the circadian clock

General anesthesia alters time perception by phase shifting the circadian clock

Encoding Systems and Evolved Message Processing: Pictures Enable Action, Words Enable Thinking

Octopamine modulates honey bee dance behavior

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