The flexural capacity of laminated veneer lumber beams strengthened with AFRP and GFRP sheets

Bakalarz, Michał; Kossakowski, P.

doi:10.4467/2353737xct.19.023.10159

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Unreinforced beams tended to exhibit linear behavior with slight deviations in the curve at the end of the test. Similar behavior was observed for the bending of unreinforced LVL in the edgewise condition [9] and solid timber beams [41] with a relatively small cross-section height (up to 10 cm). This non-linearity, however, was not present when testing full-size (with the height of the cross-section being equal to 20 cm) LVL beams in an edgewise condition [32], where perfectly linear behavior was observed.…”

Section: Load-bearing Capacitysupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The increased utilization of compressive strength of solid timber, glue-laminated timber, or laminated veneer lumber elements strengthened with FRP, as well as stepped-like failure for beams strengthened with FRP with low elongation at rupture, is expected behavior and has been reported in previous studies [7,9]. The beams reinforced with CFRP and GFRP sheets behaved similarly-in the figure, a linear part in the initial phase of the test is visible, followed by plasticization.…”

Section: Load-bearing Capacitysupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Traditional materials made of steel or aluminum have been used as reinforcement. Currently, due to their numerous advantages such as low weight, high tensile strength, and rigidity or durability, composite materials reinforced with carbon [7], glass [8], aramid [9], and basalt [10] fibers are used, with the use of natural fibers being less frequent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strengthening of Laminated Veneer Lumber Slabs with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Sheets—Preliminary Study

Bakalarz,

Kossakowski

2024

Fibers

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Analyzing the feasibility of reinforcing new and existing wooden structures is a valid problem, being the subject of numerous scientific papers. The paper presents the preliminary results of a study on reinforcing Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) panels with composite materials bonded to exterior surfaces using epoxy resin. Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) sheets, Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets, and Ultra-High-Modulus (UHM) CFRP sheets were used as reinforcement. The variables in the analysis were the type of reinforcement and the number of reinforcement layers. The tests were carried out on small samples (45 × 45 × 900 mm) subjected to the so-called four-point bending test. Reinforcement positively affected the mechanical properties of composite section. The highest increases in load bearing were 37 and 48% for two layers of GFRP and CFRP, respectively. The bending stiffness increased up to 53 and 62% for two layers of CFRP and UHM CFRP, respectively. There was a change in failure mode from cracking in the tension zone for unreinforced beams to veneer shear in the support zone (for CFRP and GFRP sheets) and sheet rupture (UHM CFRP). Good agreement was obtained for estimating bending stiffness with the presented numerical and mathematical model; the relative error was up to 6% for CFRP and GFRP and up to 20% for UHM CFRP. This preliminary study proved the effectiveness of combining LVL with FRP sheets and indicated their weak spots, which should be further analyzed to improve their competitiveness against the traditional structures. The key limitation was the shear strength of LVL.

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Section: Load-bearing Capacitysupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Load-bearing Capacitysupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Strengthening of Laminated Veneer Lumber Slabs with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Sheets—Preliminary Study

Bakalarz,

Kossakowski

2024

Fibers

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“…On the basis of the abovementioned results and the results of the tests presented in [2], it can be concluded that the effectiveness of strengthening LVL beams with CFRP sheets is higher than with the use of AFRP and GFRP sheets.…”

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confidence: 87%

Mechanical Properties of Laminated Veneer Lumber Beams Strengthened with CFRP Sheets

Bakalarz

Kossakowski

2019

Archives of Civil Engineering

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This paper presents the results of the static work analysis of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) beams strengthened with carbon fabric sheets (CFRP). Tested specimens were 45mm wide, 100 mm high, and 1700 mm long. Two types of strengthening arrangements were assumed as follows: 1. One layer of sheet bonded to the bottom face; 2. U-shape half-wrapped reinforcement; both sides wrapped to half of the height of the cross-section. The reinforcement ratios were 0.22% and 0.72%, respectively. In both cases, the FRP reinforcement was bonded along the entire span of the element by means of epoxy resin. The reinforcement of the elements resulted in an increase in the bending strength by 30% and 35%, respectively, as well as an increase in the global modulus of elasticity in bending greater than 20% for both configurations (in comparison to the reference elements).

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“…The test results are a continuation of the work on reinforcing LVL beams with fiber-reinforced polymer materials. In other works [16,17], issues of reinforcing laboratory scale specimens by gluing aramid, carbon and glass sheets to the external surfaces of the components were raised.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening of Bent LVL Beams with Near-Surface Mounted (NSM) FRP Reinforcement

2020

Self Cite

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The topic of the article is the analysis of the static work of unreinforced and reinforced with composite material timber beams under bending tests. The results of the experimental tests and a brief outline of the characteristics of the internal reinforcement of wood structures are presented. Experimental tests were performed on full-scale beams made of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) with nominal dimensions of 45 × 200 × 3400 mm. Two strips of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcement were glued into rectangular grooves in the component bottom with two-component epoxy resin (0.62% reinforcement percentage). The reinforcement mainly affected the enhancement of the maximum bending moment values evaluated at the points of application as having concentrated forces of 32% and 24% in comparison to the unreinforced elements. Increases of 11% and 7% in the global modulus of elasticity in the bending and stiffness coefficients were achieved, respectively. The failure of the reference beams was caused by exceeding the tensile strength of the LVL. The reinforced elements were characterized by a greater variation in failure mode, resulting from tension, compression or lateral torsional buckling. The strain profile reading showed a higher utilization of the compression characteristic of veneer in specimens reinforced with carbon laminates.

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The flexural capacity of laminated veneer lumber beams strengthened with AFRP and GFRP sheets

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Strengthening of Laminated Veneer Lumber Slabs with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Sheets—Preliminary Study

Strengthening of Laminated Veneer Lumber Slabs with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Sheets—Preliminary Study

Mechanical Properties of Laminated Veneer Lumber Beams Strengthened with CFRP Sheets

Strengthening of Bent LVL Beams with Near-Surface Mounted (NSM) FRP Reinforcement

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