The Flexible Operation of Coal Power and Its Renewable Integration Potential in China

Abstract

At present time, China’s power systems face significant challenges in integrating large-scale renewable energy and reducing the curtailed renewable energy. In order to avoid the curtailment of renewable energy, the power systems need significant flexibility requirements in China. In regions where coal is still heavily relied upon for generating electricity, the flexible operations of coal power units will be the most feasible option to face these challenges. The study first focused on the reasons why the flexible operation of existing coal power units would potentially promote the integration of renewable energy in China and then reviewed the impacts on the performance levels of the units. A simple flexibility operation model was constructed to estimate the integration potential with the existing coal power units under several different scenarios. This study’s simulation results revealed that the existing retrofitted coal power units could provide flexibility in the promotion of the integration of renewable energy in a certain extent. However, the integration potential increment of 20% of the rated power for the coal power units was found to be lower than that of 30% of the rated power. Therefore, by considering the performance impacts of the coal power units with low performances in load operations, it was considered to not be economical for those units to operate at lower than 30% of the rated power. It was believed that once the capacity share of the renewable energy had achieved a continuously growing trend, the existing coal power units would fail to meet the flexibility requirements. Therefore, it was recommended in this study that other flexible resources should be deployed in the power systems for the purpose of reducing the curtailment of renewable energy. Furthermore, based on this study’s obtained evidence, in order to realize a power system with high proportions of renewable energy, China should strive to establish a power system with adequate flexible resources in the future.

Performance evaluation of a supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler for power generation under flexible operation

“…16 The economic aspects deserve attention too: there is a minimum rate below which it is not convenient to operate the coal power unit: in the context of China, that threshold was found to be 30% of the nominal power. 17 The introduction of thermal energy storage concept into the plant is another step toward flexibility. 18,19 The final point concerns the role played by the control system in accomplishing flexibility.…”

Coal power in China: A multi‐level perspective review

“…The potential impacts and evolutions of coal power policies, as a major research branch, range the quantifiable indicators such as air pollutant discharge regulation (Guo, Guo, & Yuan, 2014; Ji, Li, & Wang, 2017), carbon emissions performance regulation (Liu, Zhang, Yao, & Yuan, 2017; Zhang, Bo, Zhao, & Nielsen, 2019), green dispatch (Li, Song, & Shen, 2019; Wei et al, 2018; Yin, Zhang, Andrews‐Speed, & Li, 2017), industrial policies (Li et al, 2020; Na, Yuan, Xu, & Hu, 2015; Shi, Rioux, & Galkin, 2018; Zhou et al, 2019), energy efficiency promotion (Li, Patiño‐Echeverri, & Zhang, 2019), long‐distance transmission benefits (Peng et al, 2017), tax policies (Song, Bi, Wu, & Yang, 2017), coal power subsidy (Yuan et al, 2019), and supply‐side structural reforms in coal power (Yuan, Zhang, Guo, Ai, & Zheng, 2019). Another interesting subject on coal power technology is about the flexibility retrofit to integrate renewable energy (Dong, Jiang, Liang, & Yuan, 2018; Na et al, 2019; Na, Yuan, Zhu, & Xue, 2018). The studies on generation economics and external environmental cost of coal power directly portray the profit loss of generators posed by internal and external pressures (Du & Mao, 2015; Wang, Wang, Zhu, & Li, 2018; Yuan et al, 2017; Zhao et al, 2017; Zhao et al, 2017).…”