The flavonoid glycosides of Dahlia variabilis. II. Glycosides of yellow varieties “Pius IX” and “Coton”

Nordström, C. G.; Swain, T.

doi:10.1016/0003-9861(56)90435-0

Cited by 44 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The major anthocyanidins of dahlia are cyanidin and pelargonidin derivatives (Bate-Smith et al 1955;Saito et al 1970) and flavones, such as apigenin and luteolin derivatives, are always observed in these anthocyanic cultivars (Lawrence 1929). In addition to these pigments, chalcone derivatives, such as butein and isoliquiritigenin derivatives, which were reported to be the major chalcone derivatives in yellow cultivars (Nordström and Swain 1956;Saito et al 1970), were detected in the colored areas of anthocyanic star-type cultivars, except for 'Kazusa-shiranami', which did not accumulate chalcones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Each elute was further dried and dissolved in a small amount of methanol. The color, Rf value, and maximum wavelength of the eluted compounds were measured (U-2000A, Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) and the compounds were determined by comparing the data with those of authentic butein (kindly supplied by Dr. Norio Saito) and previously reported data (Nordström and Swain 1956). TLC was performed on cellulose-coated plastic sheets (Merck Chemicals Japan, Tokyo, Japan) using two mobile phases: BAW (n-butanol:acetic acid:water = 4:1:2, v/v/v) and 30% acetic acid (Harborne 1984).…”

Section: Pigment Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous post-transcriptional gene silencing of two different chalcone synthase genes resulting in pure white flowers in the octoploid dahlia

Ohno

Hosokawa

Kojima

et al. 2011

Planta

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Garden dahlias (Dahlia variabilis) are autoallooctoploids with redundant genes producing wide color variations in flowers. There are no pure white dahlia cultivars, despite its long breeding history. However, the white areas of bicolor flower petals appear to be pure white. The objective of this experiment was to elucidate the mechanism by which the pure white color is expressed in the petals of some bicolor cultivars. A pigment analysis showed that no flavonoid derivatives were detected in the white areas of petals in a star-type cultivar 'Yuino' and the two seedling cultivars 'OriW1' and 'OriW2' borne from a red-white bicolor cultivar, 'Orihime', indicating that their white areas are pure white. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that in the pure white areas, transcripts of two chalcone synthases (CHS), DvCHS1 and DvCHS2 which share 69% nucleotide similarity with each other, were barely detected. Premature mRNA of DvCHS1 and DvCHS2 were detected, indicating that these two CHS genes are silenced post-transcriptionally. RNA gel blot analysis revealed that small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) derived from CHSs were produced in these pure white areas. By high-throughput sequence analysis of small RNAs in the pure white areas with no mismatch acceptance, small RNAs were mapped to two alleles of DvCHS1 and two alleles of DvCHS2 expressed in 'Yuino' petals. Therefore, we concluded that simultaneous siRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing of redundant CHS genes results in the appearance of pure white color in dahlias.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Pigment Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous post-transcriptional gene silencing of two different chalcone synthase genes resulting in pure white flowers in the octoploid dahlia

Ohno

Hosokawa

Kojima

et al. 2011

Planta

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“…To date, many studies have been conducted to determine flavonoid synthesis pathway transcription factors. An1 and JAF13 , An2 , and An11 have been isolated as bHLH, R2R3-MYB, and WDR transcription factors, respectively, regulating anthocyanin synthesis in petunia (Quattrocchio et al , 1993, 1998; De Vetten et al , 1997; Spelt et al , 2000, 2002). Similarly, bHLH, R2R3-MYB, and WDR transcription factors control anthocyanin synthesis in the three Ipomoea species (Park et al , 2004, 2007; Morita et al , 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bHLH transcription factor, DvIVS, is involved in regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in dahlia (Dahlia variabilis)

Ohno

Hosokawa

Hoshino

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Dahlias (Dahlia variabilis) exhibit a wide range of flower colours because of accumulation of anthocyanin and other flavonoids in their ray florets. Two lateral mutants were used that spontaneously occurred in ‘Michael J’ (MJW) which has yellow ray florets with orange variegation. MJOr, a bud mutant producing completely orange ray florets, accumulates anthocyanins, flavones, and butein, and MJY, another mutant producing completely yellow ray florets, accumulates flavones and butein. Reverse transcription–PCR analysis showed that expression of chalcone synthase 1 (DvCHS1), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (DvF3H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DvDFR), anthocyanidin synthase (DvANS), and DvIVS encoding a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor were suppressed, whereas that of chalcone isomerase (DvCHI) and DvCHS2, another CHS with 69% nucleotide identity with DvCHS1, was not suppressed in the yellow ray florets of MJY. A 5.4 kb CACTA superfamily transposable element, transposable element of Dahlia variabilis 1 (Tdv1), was found in the fourth intron of the DvIVS gene of MJW and MJY, and footprints of Tdv1 were detected in the variegated flowers of MJW. It is shown that only one type of DvIVS gene was expressed in MJOr, whereas these plants are likely to have three types of the DvIVS gene. On the basis of these results, the mechanism regulating the formation of orange and yellow ray florets in dahlia is discussed.

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“…Khafagy et al (1979cKhafagy et al ( , 1980, EI-Din (1987) Khafagy et al (1979c) Zdero et al (1991e) Wollenweber et al (1993c Reid and Bohm (1994) Reid and Bohm (1994) Reid and Bohm (1994) Reid and Bohm (1994) Dawidar et al (1989) Collado et al (1985) Bohlmann et al (1982e) Hu et al (1994 Bohlmann and Jakupovic ( 1979) Harborne (1977b) Saito (1974) Giannasi (1975a,b) Price (1939, Bate-Smith and Swain (1953), Puri and Seshadri (1954), Bate-Smith et al (1955), Nordstrom and Swain (1956), Saito et al (1970) Smith (1978) Schilling (1983) Mabry (1981) Schilling et aL (1987) Panero (1991) Bohm et al (1974) Shimokoriyama and Geissman (1960) Harborne (1977b Schilling and Spooner (1988) Ateya et al (1982) Schilling (1989, Rieseberg and Schilling (1985) (6) Senecioneae Senecio species ( Tarpo (1967, 1969a) Tarpo (1969b …”

Section: Acknowledgementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoids of the Sunflower Family (Asteraceae)

Bohm

Stuessy

2001

103

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This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines or similar means, and storage in data banks. This book is dedicated to:Arthur Cronquist Outstanding plant systematist and major contributor to understanding taxonomic relationships within Asteraceae and Ralph E. Alston (1925Alston ( -1967) Visionary natural products chemist and geneticist who pioneered the use of chemical data in studies of plant systematics and evolution PrefaceCertainly many of the readers of this book will remember the early developments of chemosystematics in the late 1950s. We ourselves remember the excitement of these new data bearing on plant interrelationships. The hopes were high, the techniques were rapidly evolving, the quantities of data were large, and young workers were eagerly enthusiastic. Some even went so far as to predict that chemical data would soon replace morphological information as the basis for plant classification. These overly zealous predictions did not materialize, of course, as the history of plant systematics has amply shown during the past two centuries. If there is any distinct characteristic of systematics it is synthesis, as Lincoln Constance (1964) called it, the "unending synthesis." New tools generate new data and provide insights on additional dimensions of plant relationships. This will never change-we will continue to discover new tools and new data in the years ahead, and they will continue to be incorporated into the predictive general reference system of classification.The earlier efforts in chemosystematics focused on secondary plant products: alkaloids, betacyanins, carbohydrates, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, lipids, terpenoids, and especialiy flavonoids. The latter were particularly well suited for chemosystematic investigation for several reasons: ease of isolation and characterization, small amounts of plant material needed for analysis, stability of compounds especially through routine preparation of herbarium specimens, and low cost to obtain useful information. As a result of these considerable advantages, literally thousands of studies on use of flavonoids in plant systematics have been published. Although now with the present zest for macromolecular data from DNA restriction sites and sequences, there are fewer workers and laboratories dedicated to flavonoid chemosystematic studies; twenty years ago they were the new currency of exciting data in plant systematics.Because of many workers historically interested in the sunflower family, Asteraceae (or Compositae), in part due to its large size (approximately 23,000 species;Bremer, 1994), and because hundreds of flavonoid compounds were discovered in this family, many chemosystematic investigations have been completed on various taxa. Many studies came from the laboratories of R. A. Alston, B. L. Turner, and T. J. Mabry in the Department of Botany ...

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The flavonoid glycosides of Dahlia variabilis. II. Glycosides of yellow varieties “Pius IX” and “Coton”

Cited by 44 publications

References 16 publications

Simultaneous post-transcriptional gene silencing of two different chalcone synthase genes resulting in pure white flowers in the octoploid dahlia

Simultaneous post-transcriptional gene silencing of two different chalcone synthase genes resulting in pure white flowers in the octoploid dahlia

A bHLH transcription factor, DvIVS, is involved in regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in dahlia (Dahlia variabilis)

Flavonoids of the Sunflower Family (Asteraceae)

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